Psych Ex 4
Terms
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- Neuron
- individual cells in the nervous system that recieve, integrate, and transmit info
- Cell body
- contains nucleus and chemical machinery common to most cells
- dendrites
- branch like parts of a neuron that are specialized to recieve information
- axon
- long thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons
- myelin sheath
- insulating material
- axon terminals
- end point of axon where one neuron communicates with another
- Synapse
- junction between axon terminal and dendrite of the next neuron
- vesicles
- sacs in the axon terminal
- synaptic cleft
- microscopic gap between terminal button of the sending neuron and cell membrane of another neuron
- Neurotransmitters
- chemicals that transmit info from one neuron to another
- Acetylcholine
- found in brain and spinal cord
- Norepinephrine
- Mood regulation, implicated in bipolar mood disorders
- Dopamine
- control of voluntary movements
- Endorphins
- family of internally produced chemicals that resemble opiates
- Serotonin
- regulation of sleep, may play a role in depression
- Neural Impulse
- sudden change in eletrical charge within and outside membrane of a neuron
- resting potential
- cell inactive
- action potential
- brief change in electrical charge
- All or None principle
- stimulated neuron will either produce action potential or wont
- Periphal nervous system
- relay system connects all parts of body with central NS
- Somatic
- outer functions, generation of motor movement
- Autonomic
- inner function with 2 parts regulate heart rate etc
- Sympathetic division
- fight or flight response, prepares body for stressful or virgous action
- parasympathtic
- sustains non-stress functioning, lower heart rate
- Endocrine system
- secrete chemicals into blood stream through glands that help control bodily functioning
- Abnormal Neurotic Disorders
- refer to behavior marked by subjective distress and reliance on avoidance coping (phobias)
- Abnormal Psychotic Disorders
- refers to behavior marked by impaired reality contact and profound deterioration of adaptive functioning
- Anxiety Disorder
- class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety
- Panic Disorder
- involves recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that occur suddenly and unexpectedly
- Phobic disorders
- marked by a persistant and irrational fear of something that has no realistic danger
- OCD
- persistant uncontrolablle intrustions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals
- Somatoform Disorder
- class of disorders with physical ailments with no organic basis
- Conversion disorder
- loss of physical function with no organic basis
- Hypochodriasis
- excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing a physical illness
- Dissocative Disorders
- lose contact with portions of memory resulting in disruption of sense of identity
- Dissociative Amnesia
- sudden loss of memory for important personal info too extensive to be from normal forgetting
- Dissociative Fugue
- condition of amnesia involves unexplained change in location
- Dissociative Identity
- Multiple personality, person alternates between 2 or more distinct identities
- Mood Disorders
- marked by emotional disturbances that may disrupt other processes
- Major depression
- condition in which a person takes little pleasure in life and experiences feelings of worthlessness, etc. no event can reasonably account for it
- Bipolar disorder
- alternate between depression and mania
- Schizophrenia
- marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to affect other processes
- Delusions
- false beliefs that are maintained even though they are clearly out of touch with reality
- Hallucinations
- sensory perceptions that occur in abscense of real stimulus
- Positive symptoms
- Hallucinations, bizarre behavior
- Negative symptoms
- social withdrawel, reduced energy
- Lobotomy
- brain surgery, cutting of some fibers to relief the disorder
- ECT
- used to produce a seizure
- Psychoactive drugs
- chemicals that affect cognitions, affect or behavior
- Antipsychotic drugs
- given to treat schizophrenia or can be given to treat severe mood disorders of people who are delusional
- Antidepressant
- help bring a person out of depression by gradually raising their mood
- Antianxiety drugs
- tranquilizers, relieve tension, nervousness