Legal Psych Mid
Terms
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- Importance of Laws (3)
- -Resolve Conflicts -Control Behavior -Rules to regulate public actions
- 4 Dilemmas in Applying the Law
- -Individual Rights vs. Common Good -Equality vs. Discretion -Truth vs. Conflict Resolution -Science vs. Legal Precedent
- Due Process Model
- -Individual Rights
- Crime Control
- -Protection of Society
- Problem w. Discretion:
- Sentencing Disparity
- Problem with Determinate sentencing:
- Don't allow for much discretion
- Legal System Values:
- Precedent, Guilt, Conflict Resolution
- Psychology Values:
- Scientific Experimentation, Probability, Truth
- Applied Scientist:
- Conduct Research, Apply knowledge to the law, CAN BE EXPERT WITNESSES
- Advocate
- Not neutral, works for a side
- Trial Consultants
- Conduct Research, help with trial process, etc.
- Why do people commit crimes? (2 theories)
- Sociological Biological
- Psychological Theories:
- Freud- Psychoanalytic theory Id vs. Ego + Superego Crime = desire for punishment Problem with it: Criminals actually try to avoid punishment
- Personality Defect
- Personality Disorders associated with crime
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Recognized by APA, deciet, manipulation, lack of remorse, etc.
- Control Theory:
- people behave antisocially unless trained
- Social Learning Theory:
- Crime is learned (thru observation)
- Factors that explain crime:
- Antecedent conditions Early indicators Developmental Process Maintenance Variables
- Why do Eyewitnesses make mistakes?
- Event-Related Factors Post-Event Factors
- Weapon Focus Event
- Presence of focus narros focus
- Misinformation Effect
- Loftus: misinformation significantly impaired ability to identify accident scene
- Unconcious Transference
- Mix up, fail to distinguish perpetrator and other person theyve seen
- LineUp ID Procedures
- Simultaneous (relative judgements) Sequential (absolute judgements)
- Safeguards against wrongful convictions:
- Cross-Examination, Psych. expert testimony, cautionary jury instructions.
- Perceptions of children as witnesses:
- most cases= less credible than adults In sexual abuse cases= more credible than adults
- Open ended questions
- highly acurate but incomplete
- Specific Questions
- Complete, less accurate
- Suggestive Questions:
- introduce new info, suggest 'right' answer
- Mousetrap study
- repeated questioning, suggesting children had had their fingers caught in mouse trap
- sam stone study
- stereotype induction (sam is clumsy, silly, etc.)
- Mr. Science Study
- came in to do simple experiments, parents read to kids about it...'sam put something yucky in my mouth" ----false touching
- undesiable interviewing tactics:
- -suggestive questions -positive reinforcement -negative reinforcement
- Fells Acres--why do critics think they are innocent?
- -faulty investication practices -unusual witness placement in court