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Bio ch 9 key terms

Terms

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phospholipid
Lipids with an attached phosphate group.
selective permeability
Feature the plasma membrane that maintains the cell's homeostasis by allowing some molecules into the cell while keeping others out.
exocytosis
Active transport process by which materials are expelled or secreted from a cell.
facilitated diffusion
Passive transport of materials across a plasma membrane by transport proteins embedded in the plasma membrane.
transport protein
Proteins that span the plasma membrane creating a selectively permeable membrane that regulates which molecules enter and leave a cell.
fluid mosaic model
Structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer.
turgor pressure
internal pressure of a cell due to water held there by osmotic pressure
endocytosis
Active transport process where a cell engulfs materials with a portion of the cell's plasma membrane and releases the contents inside of the cell.
contraxtile vacuole
organelle of some protists that collects excess water from the cell, then contracts and expells the water through the plasma membrane pore
hypertonic
In cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell, causing a cell to shrink as water leaves.
diffusion
Net, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution.
plasmolysis
process resulting from a drop in turgor pressure as a result of water loss in a cell, causing the plasma membrane to shrink away from the cell wall
hypotonic
In cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved materials is lower in the solution outside the cell than the concentration inside the cell, causing the cell to swell.
isotonic
In cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell.
dynamic equilibrium
Result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration.
passive transport
In cells, movement of particles across cell membranes by diffusion or osmosis; requires no expenditure of energy by the cell.
osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane depending on the concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane.

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