Chapter 21 Proteins
Terms
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- the basic components of protein
- amino acids
- protein that provides structure for connective tissues
- Collagen
- protein that provides structure for hair, nails, and horns
- Kerratin
- proteins that catalyze reactions in the body
- Enzymes
- proteins that allow for movement
- myosin and actin
- proteins that transport cholesterol
- lipoproteins
- protein that transports oxygen in the blood
- hemoglobin
- proteins that can act as a hormone
- insulin, oxytocin, human growth hormone
- proteins that protect the body from foreign substances
- antibodies
- foreign substances in the body
- antigens
- protein that protects the body by creating clots
- fibrinogen
- Protein that stores energy in milk
- casein
- protein that stores energy in eggs
- ovalbumin
- protein that stores Iron in the liver
- Ferratin
- proteins regulate the production of...
- DNA
- Proteins regulate the expression of these
- genes
- proteins regulate
- feedback mechanisms
- two types of proteins
- fibrous proteins and globular proteins
- comprise amino acids
- carboxylic acid (COOH) and an amine
- the number of natural amino acids
- 20
- look at these to identify a type of amino acid
- R group
- affects how a protein functions
- the protein's structure
- Glycine
-
nonpolar, achiral, hydrophobic
R group: H
Gly - Alanine
-
nonpolar, chiral, hydrophobic
R group: methyl
(Ala) - phenylalanine
-
nonpolar, achiral, hydrophobic
R group: CH2 bonded to benzene
Phe - Serine
-
Polar, chiral
R group: CH2OH
(Ser) - Cystein
-
Polar, chiral
R group: CH2SH
(Cys) - Aspartic Acid
-
acidic, chiral
R grouop: CH2COO-
(Asp) - Lysine
-
Basic, chiral
R group: (CH2)4(NH3) - Zwitterion
- molecule that has a + and - charge separated in space on the same molecule but has an overall charge of zero
- L form of amino acids
- COOH is adjacent to NH3
- when placed in an acid...
- amino acid recieves protons
- when placed in a base...
- amino acid donates protons
- isoelectric point
- pH where solution of amino acid is neutral
- makes Cystein special
- disulfide bonds (how do they affect DNA?)
- Peptide bond
- C bonded to N-H and double bonded to O