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Grammar Definitions

Terms

undefined, object
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Define noun of direct address.
A noun that is used to identify the person to whom one is speaking is known as the noun of direct address.
Name the nine modals.
Modals: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would
Define an essential appositive.
An appositive that MUST clarify the word that it is restating in order for the sentence to make sense is an essential appositive.

Essential appositives do not require commas.

Example:
My dog Copper drank the water.

Define a direct object.
A direct object is the noun that receives the action of the verb in a sentence.
Define a non-essential appositive.
An appositive that DOES NOT need to clarify the word that it is restating in order for the sentence to make sense is a non-essential appositive.

Non-essential appositives DO require commas.

Example:
My husband, John, ate the pie.
Name some examples of linking verbs.
Some examples of linking verbs: is, are, was, were, will be, has been, is being, could have been, become, remain, stay, prove, look, sound, taste, feel, appear, grow, turn, seem.
Define an appositive.
A noun that is used to restate another noun in a sentence is called an appositive.
What is the function of a helping verb?
Helping verbs help the main verb create the various tenses.
Name the four types of sentences.
Statements - declarative

Questions - interrogative

Exclamations - exclamatory

Commands - imperative
Define a verb.
A verb is the word that is doing or being something in a sentence.
When a noun of direct address is the first word in a sentence, where do you place a comma?
When a noun of direct address is the first word in a sentence, a comma is always placed AFTER the noun of direct address.

Example:
Victoria, come here!
What questions do you ask to identify the direct object in a sentence?
To find the direct object: Ask who or what is receiving the action of the verb.
When the noun of direct address is the final word in a sentence, where do you place a comma?
When a noun of direct address is the final word in a sentence, a comma always PRECEDES the noun of direct address.

Example: Come here, Victoria.
Define an indirect object.
An indirect object is the noun that tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is being done.

The indirect object ALWAYS precedes the direct object.

When the noun of direct address is in the middle of a sentence, where do you place the commas?
When a noun of direct address is in the middle of a sentence, one comma always PRECEDES and one comma always FOLLOWS the noun of direct address.

Example: Come here, Victoria, and catch the spider!
Define a predicate.
A predicate is what the subject is doing (action verb) or being (linking verb) in a sentence.

The predicate is the verb or the verb phrase in the sentence.
A sentence consists of what two elements?
1. A subject
2. A predicate
Define a predicate noun.
A predicate noun restates in a different way the person, place, thing, or idea that is the subject of a sentence. A predicate noun ONLY follows a linking verb NOT action verbs.

Example: Henry is a DOG.
Name the principal parts of the verb.
The principal parts of the verb: infinitive, past, past participle, present participle
Define a subject.
A subject is the pronoun or noun (who or what) that is doing something in a sentence.

Define a proper noun.
A proper noun is a word used to identify a specific person, place, thing, or idea. It is always upper cased.
Name the eight parts of speech.
The eight parts of speech: verbs, nouns, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections
Define a linking verb.
A linking verb is a verb that connects the subject with a (predicate) noun.

Example: Henry IS a dog.

(It can also connect the subject with an adjective, but we'll study this later.)

Define modals.
Modals (9) are helping verbs that show degrees of possibility or obligation for the verb to happen.
Define a common noun.
A common noun is a word used to identify a general person, place, thing, or idea. It is not upper cased.
Do modals act as main verbs?
Modals never act as main verbs.
Define a noun.
A noun is a word used to identify a person, place, thing, or idea.
What is an adjective?
An adjective is a word or a group of words used to modify (describe) a noun or pronoun.
An article is a type of adjective. Name the three articles.
a, an, the
A demonstrative is a type of adjective. Name the five demonstratives.
this, that, these, those, a certain
What four questions do adjectives usually answer?
Which one? What kind? How many? How much?
Name the two types of adjectives?
Limiting adjectives, descriptive adjectives
What are the six catagoreis of limiting adjectives?
articles, demonstratives, possessives, ordinals, quantifiers, comparatives and superlatives

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