CS chapter 12
Terms
undefined, object
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- semantic network
- a knowledge representation technique that represents the relation ships among objects
- public-key cryptography
- an approach to cryptography in which each user has two related keys, one public and one private
- database management system
- a combinatoin of software and data made up of the physical database, the database engine,a and the database schema
- rule-based system
- a software system based on a set of if-then rules
- illumination model
- the simulation of light interacting at one point on an object
- confidentiality
- ensuring that dat is protected from unauthorized access.
- structured Query Language (SQL)
- a comprehensive relational database language for data management and queries
- route cipher
- a transposition cipher that lays out a message in a grid and traverses it in a particular way
- transposition cipher
- a cipher that rearranges the order of characters in a message
- substitution cipher
- a cipher that substitutes one character with another
- artificial intelligence (AI)
- the study of computer systems that model and apply the intelligence of the human mind
- catenary curve
- a rope hanging between two posts takes on a shape known as this
- turing test
- a behavioral approach to determining whether a computer system is intelligent
- inference engine
- the software that processes rules to draw conclusions
- availablibity
- the degree to which authorized users can access information for legitimate purposes
- rendering
- the process of creating an entire image
- syntactic ambiguity
- the ambiguity created when sentences can be constructed in various ways
- digital certificate
- a representation of a sender's authenticated public key used to minimize malicious forgeries
- information security
- the techniques and policies used to ensure proper access to data
- voice synthesis
- using a computer to create the sound of human speech
- entity-relationship (ER) modeling
- a popular technique for designing relational databases.
- phonemes
- the set of fundamental sounds made in any given natural language
- referential ambiguity
- the ambiguity created when pronouns could be applied to multiple objects.
- chat bot
- a program designed to carry on a conversation with a human user
- query
- a request to retrieve data from a database
- key
- the set of parameters that guide cipher
- natural language comprehension
- using a computer to apply a meaningful interpretation to human communication
- cipher
- an algorithm used to encrypt and decrypt text
- depth-first approach
- searching down the paths of a tree prior to searching across levels
- erosion model
- can be used to place streams and form the terrain around them
- key
- oen or more fields of a database record that uniquely identifies it among all other records in the table.
- expert system
- a software system based on the knowledge of human experts
- fractal model
- uses a technique called midpoint subdivision
- integrity
- ensuring that data can be modified only by approopriate mechanisms
- database
- a structured set of data
- field (or attribute)
- a single value in a database record
- voiceprint
- the plot of frequency changes over time representing the sound of human speech
- decryption
- the process of converting cipher text into plaintext
- ER diagram
- a graphical representation of an ER model
- search tree
- a structure that represents alternatives in adversarial situations, such as game playing
- caesar cipher
- a substitution cipher that shifts characters a certain number of position s in the alphabet
- table
- a collection of database records
- knowledge-based system
- software that uses a specific set of information
- cryptography
- the field of study related to encoded information.
- Shading model
- the process of using an illumination model to determine the appearance of an entire
- weak equivalence
- the equality of two systems abased on their results.
- risk analysis
- determining the nature and likelihoood of the risks to key data.
- cardinality constraint
- the number of relationships that may exist at one time among entities in an ER diagram
- natural language
- languages that humans use to communicate, such as english
- digital signature
- data that is appended to a message, made from the message itself and the sender's private key, to ensure the authenticity of the message.
- breadth-first approach
- searching across levels of a tree prior to searching down specific paths
- voice recognition
- using a computer to recognize the words spoken by a human
- cryptanalysis
- the process of decrypting a message without knowing the cipher or key used to encrypt it.
- lexical ambiguity
- the ambiguity created when words have multiple meanings.
- encryption
- the process of converting plaintext into cipher text
- relational model
- a datbase model in which data and the relationships among them are organized into tables
- loebner prize
- the first formal instantiation of the turing test, held annually
- schema
- a specificatoin of the logical structure of data in a database
- record(or object, or entity)
- a collection of related fields that make up a single database entry
- strong equivalence
- the equality of tow systems based on their results and the process by which they arrive at those results