muscle 2
Terms
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- Saggital Plane
- divides the animal into left and right unequal sides
- Median Plane
- Divides animal into equal halves along the spine
- Transverse Plane
- Divides animal into head and tail halves
- Dorsal Plane
- Divides the animal into back and belly (think of the dorsal fin on the back of a dolphin).
- Cranial Direction
- Toward the head
- Rostral Direction
- Toward the nose when referring to the head
- Caudal Direction
- Towards the tail
- Dorsal Direction
- Toward the back
- Ventral Direction
- Towards the belly
- Medial Direction
- Towards the inside of the body-towards the spine for example.
- Lateral Direction
- Towards the outside/side of the body
- Deep Direction
- Towards the center
- Superficial Direction
- Towards the surface
- Proximal Direction
- Towards the body (on an extremity)
- Distal Direction
- Away from the body (on an extremity)
- Describe the levels the body is organized into
- cells--tissues--organs--organ systems
- What are the 4 elements that make up 95% of living tissue
- carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
- Prokaryotes
- cells with no nucleus
- Eukaryotes
- cells with a nucleus
- What are the 3 essential cell structures?
- cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
- What are 2 functions of the cell membrane
- Barrier between the inside cytoplasm and outside environment, Governs the movement of atoms and molecules
- What are the 2 layers in the cell membrane?
- hydrophilic and hydrophobic
- Hyrophobic layer
- 1 of 2 layers of the cell membrane -inside layer
- Hydrophilic layer
- 1 of 2 layers of the cell membrane-outside layer
- Cilia
- an extension of the cell membrane that propels mucous and debris across the cell surface
- Cytoplasm
- inner substance of the cell
- What are the 3 parts of the cytoplasm?
- Cytosol, Inclusions, Organelles
- cytosol
- fluid inside the cytoplasm that transports intracellular substances, both nutrients and waste
- Organelles
- structures inside the cytoplasm that have specialized functions
- Mitochondria
- an organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell, powerhouse of the cell, creates fuel for most metobolic processes, contains DNA and RNA enzymes to make protein.