Biology Final
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- glycolysis
- the process by which sugars are converted to acids.
- mitosis
- The replication of a cell to form two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes
- passive transport
- doesnt use energy
- anatomy
- study of human body
- urine
- Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra.
- nucleous
- rna, blueprints for protein syntheis
- centrioles
- cellular reproduction; helps make dna
- monomers
- Small molecules that link together to form a polymer.
- concentration gradient
- the unequal distribution of ions across the membrane; potassium more highly concentrated inside and sodium more concentrated outside. Sodium/potassium pump keeps sodium concentration higher outside.
- schwann
- all animals cell
- semipermeable
- Permitting passage of only certain molecules
- carbohydrates
- quick and short-term energy structural role when joined with other molecules
- lipids
- lnog tern energy storage, insulation against heat loss, cushions organs
- hypertonic
- more solvent outside the molecule than in
- adp
- Adenosine diphosphate; a molecule that together with inorganic phosphate is used to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
- interphase
- The part of the cell cycle in which the chromosomes are not condensed and the cytoplasm is not dividing
- photosynthesis
- The process by which green plants use light to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. In the process oxygen and water are released. Increased levels of carbon dioxide can increase net photosynthesis in some plants. Plants create a very important reservoir for carbon dioxide.
- cell
- highly organized tiny structures with all the living characteristics
- microtubules
- proteins tubes, flagella of sperm.
- PH
- 0-6.9=acid 7=neutral 7.1-14 base
- chlorophyll a
- the pigment that makes plants and algae green. Measurement of chlorophyll a is used to determine the quantity of algae in the water.
- physiology
- study of function of living organisms
- brown
- first to stain nucleis
- 4n
- double the chromosomes so they can split into two identical daughter cells
- cloning
- producing organisms all of which contain copies of the same gene: the desired gene is removed from the donor, inserted into a vector (usually a plasmid), the vector is used to transform a host culture, then those hosts which have taken up the vector are selectively cultured.
- nucleus
- dna, nucleolus, chromosomes, nucleur pores, directs cell activities
- solvent
- water
- dialysis
- The process of filtering the blood when the kidneys are not able to cleanse it
- smooth er
- for lipid production
- hooke
- first to call a cell a cell. named after where monks lived.
- chromatin
- Ribbon-like twists of DNA molecules in the nucleus of the interphase.
- lactic acid
- (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) Found in sour milk and sauerkraut; formed in muscles during exercise.
- bacteriology
- study or bacteria
- autotroph
- make food for yourself
- calvin cycle
- The Calvin cycle is a metabolic pathway that occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts, in which carbon enters in the form of CO 2 and leaves in the form of sugar. The cycle uses ATP as an energy source and NADPH as a reducing agent.
- catalysts
- A substance that speeds up a reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change.
- eight characteristics of living things
- 1- reproduction, produce offspring. 2- metabolism- all chemicals reactions in the body. 3- growth and development- growth;size; development;shape. 4- interaction and reaction- stimuli in the enviroment 5. cells- all living things have cells 6. heredity- living things pass on genes 7. homeostasis- adjust to environment 8- death- everything just eventually die
- vesicles
- pinch off of membranes with proteins
- active transport
- use energy to move against the concentration gradient
- excretion
- The loss of ethanol from the body through urine, sweat, breath, and other routes of exit
- biology
- the study of life
- schleiden
- all plants have cell
- hypotonic
- more solvent inside the molecule than out
- lysosomes
- package by the golgi and contain digestive enzymes " feeling sunburn"
- chromosomes
- Threadlike bodies found in the nucleus, or center part, of a cell that carry the information of heredity.
- chromatid
- Each of the two daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome joined at the centromere during mitosis and meiosis
- atp
- Adenosine triphosphate, a high energy phosphate molecule used to store and release energy for work within the body.
- taxonomy
- study of classification
- virology
- study of viruses
- urethra
- narrow channel through which urine passes from the bladder out of the body.
- ribosomes
- produces proteins from amino acids
- spindle fibers
- aggregate of microtubules that move chromosomes during cell division.
- homeostasis
- adapt to the surrounds around you
- telophase
- Final stage of mitosis in which the two sets of separated chromosomes decondense and become enclosed by nuclear envelopes.
- anaphase
- phase of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and daughter chromosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
- rough er
- produce and transport proteins
- heterotroph
- cant make food for yourself
- regeneration
- growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs
- bladder
- a triangular-shaped, hollow organ located in the lower abdomen that holds urine. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder's walls relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra.
- osmosis
- The passage of a liquid from a weak solution to a more concentrated solution across a semipermeable membrane that allows passage of the solvent (water) but not the dissolved solids.
- virchow
- all cells come from other cells
- glucose
- A simple sugar found in the blood. It is the body's main source of energy; also known as dextrose.
- solutions
- different sized molecules that dont filter out or move away from each other
- suspensions
- solutions that huge particles tend to fall out of water. ex. muddy water
- enzymes
- specifically modified proteins
- concentration
- the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume
- polymers
- Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., polypeptides, proteins, plastics)
- catalysts
- help carry out chemical reactions
- colloids
- large molecules held in solution and do not filter out ex. saliva, mucous, snot, cytoplasm
- carotenes
- orange fat-soluble pigments
- proteins
- function for structure
- 2n
- An organism having two chromosomes of each kind.
- golgi apparatus
- packages proteins for transport in vesicles
- nucleic acids
- Long chains of molecules known as nucleotides, that perform important functions in the cell; two kinds of nucleic acids function in the cell, i.e., DNA and RNA.
- chlorophyll b
- an accessory pigment found in some algae that can effect the accuracy of chlorophyll a determinations
- metaphase
- A stage in mitosis or meiosis during which the chromosomes are aligned along the equatorial plane of the cell.
- diffusion
- The movement of atoms or molecules from one part of a medium to another caused by their random thermal motion. The result of diffusion is a tendency for particles to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
- vaculoes
- storage containers
- mitochondria
- powerhouse, 95% of energy converted here, cell respiration. atp production, great surface area. dna- own set to control independent functions
- cellophane
- Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of processed cellulose.
- scientific method
- define- state problem. gather- gather information. hypothesize- hypothesize the solution, come up with a testable prediction. experiment- test your hypothesis. record- record results. conclusions- analyze results. communicate results.
- solute
- sugar/ what dissolves in the solvent
- xanthophylls
- A class of naturally occurring yellow and orange plant pigments added to fish feeds to enhance the color of skin pigments or muscle. In white flesh fish, xanthophylls impart an undesirable yellow color
- prophase
- stage of mitosis in which replicated chromosomes condense; nuclear membrane dissociates; centrioles migrate to the poles of the cell.