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Terms
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- translation
- (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
- ribosome
- small particle of RNA and protein that produces protein following instructions from nucleus
- RNA polymerase
- an enzyme that pries the 2 strands of DNA apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides as they base pair along the DNA template
- codon
- a specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid
- transription unit
- A region of dNA that is transcribed to produce a single primary rNA transcript, i.e. A newly synthesised RNA molecule that has not been processed
- messenger RNA
- carries genetic message from the DNA to the protein-synthesizing machinery of the cell
- ribonuceic acid
- RNA - consisting of many nucleotides that form a polymer
- protein domain
- is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain
- transfer RNA
- The type of RNA that carries a particular amino acid to mRNA at the ribosome in protein synthesis.
- intron
- A noncoding, intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.
- spliceosome
- A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA, releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons.
- RNA processing
- modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus
- thymine
- a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine
- ribosomal RNA
- A type of RNA transcribed from DNA in the nucleolus and found in the ribosomes.
- poly-A tail
- It is part of the route to producing mature messenger RNA for translation, in the larger process of protein synthesis to produce proteins
- untranslated region
- as the leader sequence, is a particular section of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the DNA that codes for it. It starts at the +1 position (where transcription begins) and ends just before the start codon (usually AUG) of the coding region
- uracil
- a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine
- genetic code
- the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
- promoter
- signal in DNA that indicates to enzymes where to bind to make DNA
- exon
- sequence of a gene's DNA that transcribes into protein structures
- ribose
- a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid
- 5' cap
- a specially altered nucleotide end to the 5' end of precursor messenger RNA as found in eukaryotes
- transcription
- (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA