bio vocab
Terms
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- nucleus
- the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that cotains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities
- aquatic
- Oceans, estuaries, lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands, and ponds (aquatic environments).
- conclusion
- the end or close; final part
- nucleotide
- monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar; a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
- histidine
- an amino acid
- bacteria
- domain of prokaryotic organisms that are biochemically and genetically distinct from archaea
- osmosis
- diffusion of water through a selectively peremeable membrane
- transcription (H)
- process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA
- budding
- asexual process by which yeasts increase in number; process of attaching a bud to a plant to produce a new branch
- cell
- collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that sperates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life
- biomass
- the amount of living matter in a given habitat, expressed either as the weight of organisms per unit area or as the volume of organisms per unit volume of habitat.
- amino acid
- monomer of a protein
- organelle
- specialized structure that perfroms important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
- variable
- any factor in an experiment that is not constant(any factor that can change)
- nitrogen cycle
- The circulation of nitrogen in nature, consisting of a cycle of chemical reactions in which atmospheric nitrogen is compounded, dissolved in rain, and deposited in the soil
- digestion
- take in food as a heterotroph
- electrical charge
- one of the basic properties of the elementary particles of matter giving rise to all electric and magnetic forces and interactions. The two kinds of charge are given negative and positive algebraic signs: measured in coulombs.
- difusion
- process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more conetrated to an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
- dehyrdration synthesis
- take out one water molecule to bond two
- Venn Diagram
- They show all of the possible mathematical or logical relationships between sets (groups of things).
- mitochondrion
- cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
- chromosome
- threadlike structure within the nucelus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
- food chain
- pathway of food transfer from one trophic level to another
- photosynthesis
- proces by which plants and some other organisms use light enrgy to convert water and carbon dioxide into ocygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
- mRNA
- RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
- metaphase
- second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
- abiotic
- non-living physical or chemical condition in an environment
- phosphate
- a 5-carbon sugar
- diversity
- the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem
- predator
- An organism that lives by preying on other organisms
- biomass pyramid
- diagram representing the biomass in each trophic level of an ecosystem
- producer
- organism that makes its own food(autotroph) and produces organic molecules that serve as food for other animals in its ecosystem
- leucine
- an amino acid
- pyramid
- A solid figure with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a common point.
- nucleic acid
- DNA or RNA type of nucleic compound
- glucose
- sugar, mono-sacride
- binary fission
- type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
- enzyme
- type of protein that catalyzes a reaction
- eukaryote
- organism whose cells contain nuclei
- rRNA
- type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
- data
- a single piece of information, as a fact, statistic, or code; an item of data
- sediment
- the matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid
- carnivorous
- flesh-eating
- carnivore
- consumer that eats only other consumers
- food web
- pattern of feeding in an ecosystem consisting of interconnected and branching food chains
- species
- the major subdivision of a genus or subgenus, regarded as the basic category of biological classification, composed of related individuals that resemble one another, are able to breed among themselves, but are not able to breed with members of another species.
- homeostasis
- process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
- decomposition
- Breakdown or decay of organic materials.
- cell wall
- strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
- dietary fiber
- Coarse, indigestible plant matter, consisting primarily of polysaccharides, that when eaten stimulates intestinal peristalsis.
- carbon cycle
- process by which carbon moves from inorganic to organic compounds and back
- host
- a living animal or plant from which a parasite obtains nutrition.
- mutualism
- type of symbiotic relationship in which both organsims involved benefit
- rate
- A rate is a special kind of ratio, indicating a relationship between two measurements with different[citation needed] units
- biosphere
- all the parts of the planet that are inhabited by living things; sum of all earth's ecosystems
- ecosystem
- community of living things plus the non living feautures of the environment that support them
- carbohydrate
- organic compound made of sugar molecules
- acid
- compound that donates H+ ions to an aqueous solution and measures less than 7 on the pH scale
- replication (H)
- copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
- independent variable
- those that are deliberately manipulated to invoke a change in the dependent variables
- arginine
- one of the amino acids
- glycine
- an amino acid
- petri dish
- is a shallow glass or plastic cylindrical dish that biologists use to culture cells
- chloroplast
- organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the enrgy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
- hypothesis
- suggested, testable answer to a well-defined scientific question
- mitosis
- park of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
- dependent variable
- The observed variable in an experiment or study whose changes are determined by the presence or degree of one or more independent variables
- omnivore
- consumer that eats both producers and consu,ers
- base
- (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, etc) compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH+) IN SOLUTION
- insecticide
- a substance or preparation used for killing insects
- experiment
- The process of conducting such a test; experimentation.
- double helix
- stairlike structure of a DNA molecule
- control
- A standard of comparison for checking or verifying the results of an experiment
- anaphase
- the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs seperate and move toward opposite poles
- trophic level
- feeding level in an ecosystem
- absorption
- uptake of small nutrient molecules; the third stage of food processing
- succcession
- the progressive replacement of one community by another until a climax community is established.
- cytoplasm
- material inside the cell membrane- not including the nucleus
- asexual reproduction
- process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
- prey
- an animal hunted or seized for food
- herbivore
- consumer that eats only producers
- translation (H)
- transfers RNA
- terrestrial
- an inhabitant of the earth
- commensalism
- symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits, while the other organsim is neither harmed nor helped
- fungi
- are heterotrophic organisms characterized by a chitinous cell wall
- cell membrane
- thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- parasite
- an organism that lives on or in an organism of another species, known as the host, from the body of which it obtains nutriment
- gene
- codes for one trait
- codon
- three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid