Psych. Ch. 3> Biological Processes
Terms
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- Synapes
- > the small gap b/t the terminal buttonsof a neuron and the dendrite or cell body.
- Central Nervous System
- > the Brain & Spinal Cord
- Neuroscience
- > An interdisicplinary field of study directed at understanding the brain & its relation to behavior
- Peripheral Nervous System
- the Network of nerves which links the central nervous system w/the rest of the body.
- Nerons
- > the cell in the nervous system that recieve & tranmit information.
- Dopamine
- > a neurotransmitter that often leads to inhibitory effects; decreased levels have been linked to Parkinson's disease & increase levels that have been linked to schizophrenia.
- Glial cells
- > cells that fill in space b/t neurons, remove waste, or help neurons to communicate efficiently.
- Motor Neurons
- > cells that carry info. away fromthe central nervous system to the muscles and glands the directly produce behavior.
- Interneurons
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> cells that tranfers info. from one neuron to another
> they make no direct contact with the outside world. - Sensory Neurons
- > cella that carry enviromental messages toward the spinal cord & brain.
- Resting Potential
- > the tiny electronical charge in place b/t the inside and outsideof the resting neuron.
- Myelin Sheath
- an insulating material that protects the axon and hepls to speed up tranmission.
- Reflexes
- > Largely automatic body reactions ~ such as a knee jerk~ that is controlled primarily by the spinal cord.
- Dendrites
- > the fibers the extend outward from a neuron & recieve info. from the other neurons.
- Terminal buttons
- The tiny swellings at the end of the axon that contain chemicals improtant to neural transmission.
- Soma
- > the body if a neuron.
- Axon
- > thelong tall-like part of a neuron that serves as the cell's transmiter.
- Serotonin
- > a neurotranmitter that has been linked to sleep, dreaming, general arousal, & may also be involved in some psychological disorder such as depression and schizophrenia.
- Action Potential
- > the all-or-none eletrical signal that travels down a neuron'a axon.
- Neurontranmitters
- > chemical messenger that relays info. from one neuron to the next.
- GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid)
- > a neurotranmitter that may play a role in regulation of axiety; it generally produces inhibitory effects.
- Refractory Period
- > the period of time following an action potential when more action potential cannot be generated.
- Acetylcholine
- > a neurotransmitter that plays multiple roles in the central and peripheral nervous system, including the excitiof the muscle contractions.
- Endorphins
- > Morphinelike chemicals that act as the brain's natural painkillers.