S&D Chp 11-14
Terms
- Hall and VanDeCastle's study on the content analysis of dreams
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on average female dreams were 8% longer
men's dreams outdoors, women's indoors
dreams usually include several characters
- 2 Views of Dreaming involving Meaning and Purpose
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1 - dreamer experiences random images that have meaning
2 - dreamer creates the dream for a purpose (discharge aggression)
- Do we dream in color?
- YES!
- Do babies dream?
- It is thought so.
- Lucid Dreaming
- dreaming while we know what we are dreaming
- _____ (or more) dream stories can take place each night
- 10-20
- Two processes which may distort any later description of a dream experience
-
1 reconstruction
2 deduction
-
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- REM
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We dream every night. Dreams usually occupy around _____ of total sleep each night
- 2 hours
-
The Psychophysiology of Dreaming
- The relationship of mental and physical activities during dreaming.
- Overt movements and behavior during REM sleep are prevented by the “shutting off” of _______
- spinal motor neurons
- ____ sleep is associated with vivid dream recall and presumably with vivid dream experiences
- REM
- Common results of NREM sleep (comparable to dreaming) are _____
- vague thoughts, static imagery, a single sensation such as sound or smell
-
REM periods interrupted about every 5 minutes by a body movement progressively ____ the likelihood of recalling dream experiences
- reduce
- Rapid eye movements associated with REM periods appear to be ______ to eye movements made when humans scan their environments
- nearly identical
- People blind from birth have ___ eye movement detected during REM periods, while people who became blind later in life ____ have eye movements and dreams with visual imagery.
- no - do
- RBD (REM Behavior Disorder)
- REM motor atonia (the suppression of voluntary muscle activity) is partially or nearly completely impaired and the patient acts out the dream
-
Three general hypotheses regarding access to dream experience via dream report:
1. repression hypothesis
2. salience hypothesis
3. Interference hypothesis
-
1. states that inner defensiveness warps ability to recall the dream
2. correlates dream recall with a person's ability to normally recall aspects of an exdperience
3. dream recall is inversely correlated with disruptive, distracting oc
- Non-reporters
-
- may be terrified of revealing themselves
- may sleep too deeply and are too groggy to focus, recall, and report
- poor dream recall likely spend less time in bed and are sleep deprived
- REM is higher when sleep lasts longer
- Do animals dream?
- it is reasonable to assume that at least higher mammals do. (dogs whimper, whine or bark during sleep)
- Can we dream of dying?
- Rare
- Creativity during Sleep... learning through sleep-teaching devices was ____
- completely unsuccessful
- Problem Solving during Dreaming
-
- discovery of benzene ring
- not many kids solved a problem in their sleep at Stanford for Dement
- most anecdotal incidents of problem solving occurred with men who had been struggling with problem for many years
- External Stimuli ____ influence dream content
- can
- The best way to record dreams is _____
- to wake up subjects 10 to 15 minutes after the beginning of each successive REM period and have them record their dreams
- No dreams in sequence perfectly continuous, however ______
- the manifest content of every dream exhibited some relationship to one or more dreams occurring on the same night
- There is a relationship between stimulus and dream content when the stimulus happens to coincide with ____ period.
- REM
- Free Association
- suspending all judgment of their thoughts to simply communicate without hesitation everything that came to mind when recalling a dream
- Manifest Content
- all the parts of the dream we remember
- Latent Content
- hidden wishes and motives or driving force of a dream
- Condensation
- connection between manifest dream content and latent dream thoughts associated with it
- Displacement
- latent dream thought is displaced upon a manifest image without any relation
- Secondary Revision
- Final Process by which the dream work is hypothesized to add interpolations and additions to the manifest dream content so that it becomes more coherent
- Self-interpretation of a dream by means of free association has a possibility of self deception... T/F?
- TRUE
- Jungian Theory
- Jung thought dreamer and analyst should not stray far from dream script because it would give a more direct, immediate statement of the unconscious state of the dreamer.
- Hobson-McCarley Theory
- take into account the visual system seen in cats. Cat REM sleep is characterized by bursts of activity called PGO waves. ... Conclude that dreams have no purpose and that what we dream about is random
- Psychoanalysis
- major technique to arrive to hidden meaning of a dream is free association
- Internal Consistency
- when the analyst consistently works with a specific patient and knows him/her well enough to the point that he can associate ideas and meanings to his patients dreams and personal life
- Lucid Dreamer
-
- in control of their dreams
- dreaming involves more complex thought than ordinary dreaming
- false awakening - dreamer doesn't recognize the dream is continuing
- Non-Lucid Dreamer
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- no conscious idea of what is going to happen next
- does not try to understand weird in dreams
- not to feel a need to remember events in dream
- When does Lucid Dreaming Occur?
- - everyone who can recall dreams with relative ease has potential for lucid dreaming
- Can Lucid Dreaming be learned?
- Dream light - created by LaBerge increases chances... 2 red light bulbs over each eye ball
- Possible functions of Lucid Dreaming
-
- fulfilling wishes
- exploring alternative choices
- improving physical skills (playing piano in dream)
- solving problems