GI Anatomy
Terms
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- which artery supplies the foregut?
- Celiac trunk
- which nerve supplies parasympathetics to the foregut?
- vagus
- which nerve supplies sympathetics to the foregut?
- splanchnic nerves
- what structure are teeth situated in?
- alveolar processes in mandible and maxilla
- which muscles make up the floor of the mouth?
- geniohyoid and mylohyoid
- which muscles make up the lateral walls of the mouth?
- anteriorly: buccinator, posteriorly: superior pharyngeal constrictor
- Which nerves supply taste innervation to the tongue?
- anterior 2/3: VII, posterior 1/3: IX
- Which nerve supplies taste innervation for the epiglottis?
- CN X
- Which nerves serve general sensation for the tongue?
- anterior 2/3: V3,posterior 1/3: IX
- Which nerve supplies motor innervation for the tongue?
- CN XII
- Where do parotid glands open into?
- superior second molar
- Name the 3 salivary glands
- parotid, submandibular, sublingual
- which vessel supplies the tongue?
- Lingual artery branched from external carotid
- what attaches the pharynx to the occiput?
- pharyngobasilar fascia
- muscles of the pharynx
- superior, middle, inferior pharyngeal constrictors
- posterior wall of pharynx is separated from prevertebral muscles by:
- retropharyngeal space
- what is the retropharyngeal space bounded by?
- anteriorly by buccopharyngeal fascia, posteriorly by prevertebral fascia
- medical term for swallowing
- deglutition
- sensory and motor innervation of pharynx
- sensory: CN IX, Motor: CN X
- Pharyngeal blood supply (4)
- tonsillar, palatine, lingual, ascending pharyngeal arteries
- Components of foregut
- esophagus to second part of duodenum, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
- at which vertebral level does the esophagus start?
- C6
- At which vertebral level is the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm?
- T10
- list the 4 places at which the esophagus is constricted
- cricopharyngeus muscle, crossing aorta, crossing left main bronchus, esophageal hiatus of diaphragm
- esophageal blood supply
- thyroid artery, esophageal and bronchial branches of aorta, and left gastric artery
- what happens during a hiatal hernia?
- portion of stomach herniates through esophageal hiatus into thoracic cavity
- define fundus of stomach
- region superior to the esophageal opening
- where is the stomach's cardiac notch?
- b/w esophageal opening and fundus
- what is the first part of the duodenum?
- smooth walled cap or ampulla
- what is the second part of the duodenum?
- delineated by superior and inferior duodenal flexures
- what is the third part of the duodenum?
- horizontal portion
- what is the fourth part of the duodenum?
- ascending portion
- where is the head of the pancreas?
- in the c shaped region between the first, second, and third parts of the duodenum
- where is the tail of the pancreas?
- near the hilum of the spleen
- where does the main pancreatic duct run?
- along the entire pancreas, joins with the common bile duct
- what makes up the portal triad?
- portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct
- where is the gallbladder?
- inferior to the right lobe of the liver
- what forms the bile duct?
- cystic duct and common hepatic duct
- at what vertebral level does the celiac trunk emerge?
- T12
- what are the branches of the celiac trunk?
- left gastric, splenic, common hepatic artery
- what does the left gastric artery supply?
- lesser curvature of stomach and gives off esophageal arteries
- what does splenic artery supply?
- pancreas, spleen, stomach fundus, and left gastroepiploic to greater curvature
- what does the common hepatic artery supply?
- lesser curvature via right gastric, gallbladder via cystic, and stomach/duodenum via gastroduodenal
- what does the common hepatic artery split into?
- right gastric artery, cystic, and gastroduodenal
- three main tributaries into portal vein
- splenic vein, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric
- what innervates the distal colon (pans)
- pelvic nerve
- which structures make up the midgut?
- from third part of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
- which artery supplies the midgut?
- superior mesenteric artery
- what is SANS innervation to the midgut?
- lesser and least splanchnic nerves
- what is PANS innervation to the midgut?
- vagus
- which structures make up the hindgut?
- distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal
- which artery spplies the hindgut?
- inferior mesenteric artery
- what is Pans Innervation to the hindgut?
- Pelvic splanchnic nerve
- what is SANS innervation to the hindgut?
- lumbar splanchnic nerve
- name of outermost colonic muscle bands
- taenia coli
- name of internal wall folds of colon
- haustra
- at which vertebral level does the sigmoid colon attach to the rectum?
- S3
- is the rectum peritoneal or retroperitoneal?
- retroperitoneal
- name the transverse folds in the rectum
- valves of houston
- name of the line demarcating ANS and somatic innervation of rectum
- pectinate line (aka dentate line)
- at which vertebral level does the superior mesenteric artery branch from aorta
- L1
- at which vertebral level does the inferior mesenteric artery branch from aorta
- L3
- structure at origin of thoracic duct
- cisterna chyli
- where does the thoracic duct drain into?
- junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian
- visceral afferent fibers from esophagus run with
- vagus
- visceral afferent fibers from foregut travel with
- greater splanchnic nerve
- visceral afferent fibers from midgut travel with
- lesser and least splanchnic nerves
- visceral afferent fibers from hindgut travel with
- lumbar splanchnic nerve
- visceral afferent fibers from sigmoid and rectum travel with
- Pelvic splanchnic nerve