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- Differences between PM & RM 1)focus 2)detail 3)cues 4)links to social norms/motivation.
- 1) past, future when vs who, what 2)PM is less detailed than RM. 3)PM has less obvious cues 4)PM is strongly linked to perceived importance.
- 2 types of PM
- Pulses, steps
- characteristics of Pulses
- specific time or initiating event better remembered judged as more important remembered at specific time or continually throughout day
- Characteristic steps
- broadly-defined time window recalled occasionally throughout day/time period
- Excessive checking and forgetting
- There might be numerous memories or memory cues related to that event, so, when you try to retreival, they will compete each other and interference can be appeared
- what is predicted in real-world by PRMQ score?
- prespective M. RM -> people usually don\'t have an accurate sense of how good they are.
- When PM failure is most likely to?
- Interrupted while carrying out a plan of action. Interruption are appeared so rapidly and so forcefully that individuals do not think explicitly about producing a new plan or intention to deal with this changed situation.
- Which one is effective? reminders or time to formulate new plan?
- when people are interrupted during performance, having a time is more effective
- Difference between two type of the PM.
- Event-based ) remembering to perform specific action in an appropriate environment Time-based) remembering to perform specific action in particular time.
- Which one is easier ? EVB or TMB
- event-based pm is easier because there are many external cues.
- Older adults are difficult in ....
- Retrospective memory
- Aging effect of time-based M and event-based M is..
- similar
- When do older adults doing better than youngers?
- PM, especially in time-based memory. It might be they devote more time to planning how they will remember.
- What is two theories of PM
- PAM theory (preparatory attentional and memory process) Multiprocess theory
- According to PAM theory 2 processes involved in prospective M
- 1) monitoring - use of attention, capacity consuming 2) retrospective M - to ensure we remember what it is that we supposed to be doing in the future
- Predictions and evidences of PAM theory 2) with target stimuli 2)without target stimuli 3) Individual differences in working memory span
- Performance will be better if we use full attention 1)PM performance is much better thosewho used full attention than divided attention. 2) without stimuli, the lexical decision rate is much slower for subjects doing PM tasks. 3)Performance is much better for who has high capacity of WM.
- Problems of the PAM ?
- It often seems that if an intention to perform a predetermied action simply \"pops\" into our mind.
- The cue-detection in PM is relatively automatic when..
- 1)The cue-and the -to-be-remembered action is highly associated 2) The cue is conspicuous or salient 3)The ongoing processing on another task being performed at the same time as the prospective memory task directs attention to the relevant aspects of the cue