Interventional radiologic procedures
Terms
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- What is percutaneous transluminal angioplasty?
- PTA employs a balloon catheter to enlarge the vessel lumen by disrupting plaque, intima & media in a controlled manner.
- What are the 3 types of PTA? (area)
- Renal, peripheral, cardiac
- Describe the catheter for a PTA
-
Balloon
2 lumina
-1 for gw
-1 for balloon inflation
Diameter 2-20mm - What is a stent?
- A stent is a device placed in a vessel to enlarge the lumen & provide a "scaffolding" to hold the vessel open.
- What are stents made of?
- Meshes of stainless steel or titanium alloy.
- What is the purpose of a stent?
- To improve the results of PTA
- How does a stent work?
- Resists vascular segments not opened completely by balloon & tack down intimal flaps
- What is thrombolysis
- Thrombolysis is a procedure in which the clot or thrombus is destroyed or lysed by injecting a clot-dissolving agent through a specially designed catheter.
- What is urokinase
- Most commonly used drug for thrombolysis.
- What are the 3 purposes of a nephrostomy?
-
Drain an obstructed kidney or ureter
Remove a stone
Infuse drugs - What is a percutaneous biliary drainage?
- Palliative procedure for patients with biliary duct obstruction.
- Describe internal drainage
- Catheter or stent through the common bile duct into the duodenum
- Describe external drainage
- Catheter through commone bile only, not crossing obstruction into the duodenum
- What is an abscess?
- A localized collection of pus which may occur internally or externally in any area of the body.
- What modalities are used to identify an abscess?
- CT, US, NM
- Describe a percutaneous abscess drainage
- Place catheter into abscess drain, inject CM, Leave catheter if necessary
- Describe Gastrostomy tube placement
- A tube is placed, percutaneously through te stomach into the duodenum
- What is the purpose of a gastrostomy tube placement?
- Provides long term feeding, necessitated by neurologic disorders or patients that cannot eat on their own
- What is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy?
- A non-invasive method used theraputically for both urolithiasis and cholelithiasis
- What is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy based on?
- High energy shock waves to fragment the stones without causing significant damage to the normal surrounding tissue.
- How are smaller fragments deal with?
- Dissolved by orally administered drugs, can be removed mechanically, or can be passed from the organ physiologically
- What is the purpose of a water bath?
- Provide a path for the shock waves to reach the site of the calculus