Med-Surg Nursing - 28
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- a1-antitrypsin
- a serum protein produced by the liver and normally found in the lungs that inhibits proteolytic enzymes of white cells from lysing lung tissue; genetic deficiency of this protein can cause emphysema
- absorption atelectasis
- alveolar collapse that occurs when high concentrations of oxygen are given and oxygen replaces nitrogen in the alveoli; if airway obstruction occurs, the oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and the alveoli collapse
- asthma
- a chronic inflammatory lung disease that results in airflow obstruction
- centrilobular emphysema
- type of emphysema often associated with chronic bronchitis in which respiratory bronchioles enlarge, the walls are destroyed, and the bronchioles become confluent
- chest percussion
- rhythmic percussion of a patient's chest with cupped hands to loosen retained respiratory secretions
- chest physiotherapy
- a series of maneuvers including percussion, vibration, and postural drainage designed to promote clearance of excessive respiratory secretions
- chronic bronchitis
- obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by excessive production of mucus and chronic inflammatory changes in the bronchi
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- pulmonary disease state characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction caused by chronic bronchitis or emphysema; clinical use of the term indicates the presence of chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema
- cor pulmonale
- hypertrophy of the right side of the heart, with or without heart failure, resulting from pulmonary hypertension
- cystic fibrosis
- an autosomal recessive, multisystem disease characterized by altered function of the exocrine glands involving primarily the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands
- diaphragmatic breathing
- breathing with the use of the diaphragm to achieve maximum inhalation and slow respiratory rate
- dry powder inhaler
- dry powdered drug delivered by inhalation
- emphysema
- an abnormal permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis
- hypercapnia
- high arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2 <45 mm Hg); also called hypercarbia
- hyperresponsiveness
- excessive or exaggerated response to a stimulus; in asthma, leads to bronchoconstriction in response to physical, chemical, or pharmacologic stimuli
- hypocapnia
- low arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2 <35 mm Hg); also called hypocarbia
- metered-dose inhaler
- aerosolized drug delivered in a specific amount by activating the inhaler or by inhaling
- normocapnia
- normal arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2 35-45 mm Hg)
- O2 toxicity
- a condition of oxygen overdosage caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of oxygen; may inactivate pulmonary surfactant and lead to development of acute respiratory distress syndrome
- pancreatic insufficiency
- a condition characterized by inadequate production and secretion of pancreatic hormones or enzymes
- panlobular emphysema
- type of emphysema involving distention and destruction of the entire primary respiratory lobule; usually associated with a 1-antitrypsin deficiency
- postural drainage
- the use of various positions to promote gravity drainage of bronchial secretions
- pursed-lip breathing
- a technique of exhaling against pursed lips to prolong exhalation, preventing bronchiolar collapse and air trapping
- status asthmaticus
- a severe, life-threatening asthma attack that is refractory to usual treatment and places the patient at risk for developing respiratory failure
- trigger
- in asthma, any stimuli that initiates the IgE-mast cell mediated response resulting in the pathophysiologic responses of asthma
- vibration
- pressing on the chest with the flat of the hands while repeatedly tensing the hand and arm muscles to facilitate movement of secretions to larger airways