soc final
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- economic system
- an institution the coordinates human activity in the effort to produce distribute and consume goods a services
- goods
- any product that is manufactures grown or extracted form the earth such as food clothing gouseing auto coal computers
- services
- activities performed for others that result in no tangible product such as entertainment transportantion financial advice medical care spritual consuling and education
- mechanization
- the addition of external sources of power such as oil to hang toolds and stream to transportation
- capitolism
- an economic system where the raw material and the means of poducing and distibuting are provatly owned profit driven freee of government interferance consumer drivin
- private ownership`
- a situation in which individuals own the raw materials machines toos labo trucks buliding and other imputs eeded to produce an distribute goods and services
- law of supply and demand
- natural laws regulating capitolist economies such that "as demand for an item increases, prices rise/ when minufaturers respond to the price incease by producing a larger quantity of theat item, this increase competitoin and drives prices down."
- socialism
- an economic system in which the raw materials and the means of producing and distributing goods and services are collectivly owned
- core economics
- the wealthiest most highly diversified economics with strong stable governments
- peripheral economics
- economics that rely on a few commodities or even one commodity such as coffee peanuts or tabacco or a single mineral resource such as tin copper or zinc
- semiperiperal economics
- economics characterized by moderate wealth (but extreme inequality) and moderate diversification they exploit peripheral eco and inturn are eploited by core economics
- primary sector of the economy
- economic activities that generate or extract raw materials from the natural enviornment
- secondary sector
- economic activities that turn raw materials into manufactured goods
- teriary sectors
- economic activity related to delivering services including the creation and distribution of information
- MONOPOLY
- SITUATION IN WHICH A SINGLE PRODUCER DOMINATES A MARKET
- OLIGARCHY
- RULE BY THE FEW OR WHERE A FEW PEOPLE DOMINTAE THE MARKET
- conglomerates
- larger corp owns smaller corp aquired by merge or aquisition
- characteristics of the us economy
- ???
- political system
- the institution that regulates the use and access to power that is essential to articulating and realizing individual local regional national international global interests and agendas
- power
- the probability that and individual can achieve his will even against anothers opposition
- authority
- legitmate power in which people believe that the differences in power are just and proper people veiw a leader as being entitled to give orders
- traditioal authority
- a type of authority that relies on time honored norms that govern the selcction of sower for a high powered position (king queen cheif)
- charismatic authority
- a type of authority that derives from the exceptional and exemplary qualifications of the person who issues the commands
- legal rational authority
- rests on a system of impersonal rules that specifies the qualifications for occupying a position of power
- democracy
- government systme in which power is vested in the citizen body and in which members of that body participate directly in the decision making process
- totalitariansim
-
1- single ruling party led by dictator 2- unchallenged definition of the perfect society and how to acheive it 3- system of social control that supresses dissent and opposition
4- centeralized control of the media and the economy - authoritarian government
- sytem in which there is no seperation of power and a single person (dictator) group or social class holds all power
- power elite model
- people who hold such lofty posistions ini the social structure that their decisions effect millions of people worldwide
- pluralist model
- views politics as an arena of compromise alliances special interest groups and power is dispersed among these groups
- demography
- a subspcialty within sociology that focuses on the study of human populations with particular empahasis on their size and rate of growth
- birth rate
- the annual number of births per every 1000 people is a designated area
- age specific birth rate
- the annual number of births per every 1000 women of a certain age group
- total ferility rate
- the average number of children that women in a specific population bear over their lifetimes
- CRUDE DEATH RATE
- THE ANNUAL NUMBER OF DEATHS PER 1000 PEOPLE IN A DESIGNATED area
- infant mortality rate
- the death rate among those 1 year or younger
- population pyramids
- series of horizantal bar graphs that represent a five year cohort allows us to view rge relative sizes of t he age cohorts and ti compare % male an females
- constrictive pyramids
- narrower at the base then the middle showin that population is composed disproprtionally of middle ages and older people
- stationary pyramid
- SHOWS ALL AGE COHORTS IN TE SAME POPULATION ARE ROUGHLY THE SAME SIZE
- MIGRATION RATE
- THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF POPLE ENTERING AND THE PEOPLE LEAVING EACH YEAR THE DIFFERENCE IS DIVIDED BY THE SIZE OF THE RELATIVE POPULATION AND THEN THAT NUMBER IS MULTIPLIED BY 1000
- IMMIGRATION
- PEOPLE ENTERING A COUNTRY
- INTERNAL MIGRATION
- THE MOVEMENT WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF A COUNTRY FROM STATE TO STATE OR CITY TO CITY
- DOUBLING TIME
- THE ESTIMATED NUMBER OF YEARS IT WILL TAE FOR A COUNTRYS POPULATION TO DOUBLE
- THEORY OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
- ???
- LABOR INTENSIVE POOR ECONOMICS
- COUNTRIES THAT DIFFER MARKEDLY FROM INDUTRIAL COUNTRIES ON INDICATORS SUCH AS DOUBLING TIME, INFANT MORTAITY TOTAL FERTILITY PE CAPIT INCOME CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY
- DEMOGRAPHIC TRAP
- THE POINT WHERE POPULATIONS GROWTH OVERWHELMS THE ENVIRONMENT 'S CARRYING CAPACITY
- MEGA CITY
- AN URBAN AGGLOMERATION WITH 8 MILLION OR MORE PEOPLE
- CENTRAL CITY
- THE LARGEST CITY WITHIN A METROPOLITAN NSTATISTICAL AREA IN SOME CASES TWO OR MORE ADDITIONAL CITIES IN AN msa CAN BE DESIGNATED AS CENTRAL CITIES
- SUBARB
- AN URBAN ARE OUTSIDE THE POLITICAL BOUNDARIES OF A CITY