Ed Research ~ An Intro ~ Gall, Gall, & Borg ~ Sampling
Terms
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- random sample
- a sample in which all members of the accessible population had an equal chance of being selected
- probability sampling
- each individual in the population has a known probability of being selected
- simple random sample
- a sample selected from a population by a process that provides every sample of a a given size an equal probability of being selected
- systematic sampling
- a group of individuals obtained by taking every "nth" individual from a list containing the defined population
- stratified sampling
- selection of a sample so that certain subgroups in the population are adequately represented in the sample
- proportional stratified sampling
- the proportion of each subgroup in the sample is the same as their proportion in the population
- nonproportional stratified sampling
- an equal n sample from each subgroup in the sample regardless of proportion in the population
- cluster sampling
- the unit of sampling is a naturally occurring group of individuals
- multistage cluster sampling
- selecting clusters and then selecting individuals within these clusters
- convenience sampling
- selection of a sample that suits the purposes of the study and that is convenient; the strategy of selecting cases simply because they are available and easy to study
- extreme or deviant case sampling
- focuses on cases that are unusual or special
- intensity sampling
- involves selecting cases that manifest the phenomenon of interest intensely but not extremely
- typical case sampling
- involves the selection of typical cases to study
- maximum variation sampling
- selecting cases that illusttrate the range of variation in the phenomena to be studied
- stratified purposeful sampiing
- includes several cases at defined points of variation with respect to the phonomena being studied
- homogeneous sampling
- (opposite of maximum variation sampling) to select a sample of similar cases so that the particular group that the sample represents can be studied in depth
- critical case sampling
- selecting a single case that provides a crucial test of a theory, program, or other phenomenon
- snowball or chain sampling
- a group of cases that are selected by asking one person to recommend someone suitable as a case of the phenomenon of interest, who then recommends another person who is a suitable case or who knows of potential cases; the process continues until the desired sample size is achieved.
- criterion sampling
- the selection of cases that satisfy an important criterion
- theory-based or operational construct sampling
- used when the purpose of the study is to gain understanding of real-world manifestations of theoretical constructs
- confirming and disconfirming case sampling
- done to validate findings of previous research
- purposeful random sampling
- selecting a random sample using the methods of quantitiative research (used to establish that the sampling procedure is not biased)
- sampling politically important cases
- a strategy that might serve a useful purpose for the researcher or funding agency
- opportunistic sampling
- (Patton) the use of findings from one case to inform the researcher's selection of the next case for study