Intro to Biology and Chemistry
Terms
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- Precise means of asking questions about the natural world.
- Scientific Method
- A tentative explanation of a phonomenon based on plausible scientific knowledge. Must be testable and lead to conclusions.
- Hypothesis
- Based on deductive "if/then" reasoning
- Predictions
- A hypthesis that has high probability of being correct because it has been tested repeatedly and found correct.
- Theory
- The best example of a theory is the...
- Theory of Evolution
- The condition under study and which is manipulated by the experimenter.
- Independent Variable
- The variable being measured.
- Dependent Variable
- In an experiment, this controls every variable but one.
- Control Group
- Science is...
- Progressive ( things change over time)
- Characteristics of science include...
-
1. dealing w/ natural world
2. rational/logical thought
3. idea that the universe is explainable - Branch of philosophy w/ idea that the universe is explainable
- Mechanism
- Living things have a vital force beyond chemistry and physics. Deals with supernatural and religious ideas.
- Vitalism
- Limitations of Science include...
-
1. religion and the supernatural
2. morals, ethics, virtues, justice
3. uncertainty - Characteristics of living things include...
-
1. complex and highly organized
2. take in energy from their environment
3. capable of growth and reproduction
4. respond to their environment
5. evolve - A body part composed of several tissues that are grouped together
- organs
- an association of cells of one type performing one function
- tissues
- prefix meaning large
- macro
- organisms that obtain organic material from outside themselves
- heterotrophs
- organisms that can synthesize their own organic material by taking energy from sunlight
- autotrophs
- The smallest unit of an element that still retains chemical properties of that element
- atom
- The number of protons is equal to the...
- number of electrons
- number of protons in atomic nucleus
- atomic number
- Protons and neutrons contribute to the...
- atomic mass (atomic weight)
- The unit for atomic mass
- Dalton
- Forms of an element that differ in mass due to the number of neutrons they contain. Can sometimes be radioactive
- isotopes
- Space in which an electron is found 90% of the time
- orbital
- Electrons are classified by...
- the energy they possess
- electrons will arrange to have the...
- minimum amount of energy possible
- Atoms or groups of atoms that have a net charge
- ion
- two or more atoms linked together by chemical bonds
- molecules
- A chemical bond formed by electrical attraction between a positive and negative ion. Can only be formed between atoms that need to loose one or two electrons. The intermediate strength.
- ionic bond