PH 330
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Fallacy
- error in reasoning
- Fallaccy of Authority
- uses position of authority not evidence
- Ad Hominem Arguement
- gossip columns; proving opinion wrong by attacking a person's belief
- Appeal to Force
- threatens opponent to have them agree
- Appeal to Pity
- one who uses sympathy to have others agree
- Appeal to Ridicule
- one puts down another's argument by making fun of them
- Hasty Generalization
- too few cases to support an argument
- Slippery Slope
- when the argument is wrong from the beginning and contines to be incorrect throughout the argument
- Begging the Question
- uses conclusion as a premise
-
Equivocation
____________
Red Herring -
word is defined differntly as a premise then as the conclusion
_____________
shifts focus to another topic - Deductive
- given the premises and valid form the conclusion MUST be true
- Inductive
- has a weaker probability of truth
- :.
- Conclusion to follow
- Strusture for a Valid Form
-
all A's are B's
all B's are C's
------------------
:. all A's are C's -
T/F
If Conclusion = False
AND
Premise(s) = TRUE
it is NOT VALID - TRUE
-
Square of Opposition
Affirmative:
A: universal affirmative
All _____ are ____
IF A IS FALSE O IS TRUE -
S.O
Negative:
E: Universal Negative
No ____ are ____
IF E IS FALSE I IS TRUE -
S.O.
Particular Affirmative
I: Partial Inclusion
Some ____ are ____
IF I IS FLASE E IS TRUE -
S.O.
Particular Negative
O: Partial Exclusion
Some ___ are not ___
IF O IS FLASE A IS TRUE -
VENN DIAGRAM:
shade if it isn't true
ex: all s are p
shade s -
VENN DIAGRAM:
'x'
one member possible
some s are p--some s are not p
'x' in between--'x' in s