cpsy 533
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- How do most learning theorist explain learning?
- Theorist explain learning as a process tha mediates behavior, that there is some underlying mechanism that explain how learning occurs.
- What is the basic definition od Applied Behavior Analysis.
- The application of behavior princeples to personal and social problems in the world.
- What is the basic assumption of Behavior Analysis.
- We do what we do because of what happens to us - meaning we do what we do because of the consequences of out behavior.
- What are the two types of learning associated with behavior analyis?
- Classical Conditioning and Operant conditioning.
- What is an unconditioned stimulus. What does it cost?
- A stimulus which involuntary elicits an unconditioned response. I.E. food cause salivation
- What is a Neutral Stimulus? Initially what is the effect of it's presentation?
- a stimulus that does not cause any behavior to occur. Initially it cause nothing.
- What is a Conditioned Stimulus? What is it's relationship to a Neutral Stimulus?
- a previously neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus which produces an unconditioned response. The neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus when it can porduce a response.
- What is the relationship between an Unconditioned Response and a Conditioned Response?
- the conditioned response is the response that is illicited when a stimulus is presented. (the food was the unconditioned stimuls, ell is conditioned stimulus.
- What is the sequence of conditioning in the Classical Conditioning process?
-
US when presented intially causes UR
NS/CS when presented initially causes nothing (NS repeatedly paired with US, the NS becomes CS)
CS when presented causes CR - What is the ABC model of Operant Conditioning?
-
A= Antecedent
B= Behavior
C= Consequence - What are antecedents?
- events or stimuli that occur before the behavior. They are also Discriminative stimuli.
- What are discriminative stimuli?
- stimuli that indicate the probability of a particular type of consequence that occurs following a behavior.
- What are consequences?
- What happens after a behavior has occured.
- Define positive, negative, and neutral consequences.
-
Positive: consequences that we like ( food, money)
Negative: consequences that we do not like (beign yelled at)
Neutral: consequences that we do not care about. - Consequences can be either ________ or ________ following a behvior.
- presented or removed
- What are the 4 types of consequence procedures (Figure 1.0)
-
1. positive reinforcement
2. Negative reinforcement
3. Type I punishment
4. Type II punishment - What is positive reinforcement?
- a positive consequence that increases a behavior
- How do you know that a consequence was a positive reinforcer?
- The behavior will increase.
- What is negative reinforcement?
- The removal of a negative consequence following a behavior that increases the occurrence of the behavior.
- What is Type I Punishment?
-
AKA: presentation punishment or positive punishment)
the presentation of a negative consequence, following the behavior, that decreases the occurrence of the behavior. - What is Type II Punishment?
-
AKA: removal punishment or negative punishment
the removal of a positive consequence that results in a decrease in behavior. - What is escape conditioning?
- example of negative reinforcement. An aversive stimulus is presented and you do something to escape the consequence.
- How is avoidance conditioning different from escape conditioning?
- Avoidance conditioning requires a discriminative stimulus to be added to become a negative reinforcer. Here the organism can avoid the negative consequence by engaging in another response (redirection instead of escape)
- What 2 consequences increase behavior?
- Positive and negative reinforcement
- What 2 consequences decrease behavior?
- Type I, or positive, punishment and Type II, or negative, punishment.
- Why do we say that consequences are defined by their effect on the behavior?
- Did it increase or decreasethe behavior
- What is the effect of a neutral consequence on behavior?
- they have no effect on the rate of behavior
- What is the key tennant of Proactive Programming?
-
For every excessive behavior there is a corresponding deficit behavior.
teach people what to do as opposed to what not to do. Teaches functional skills by utilizing the principles of positive reinforcement. - Why shouldn't we use punishment procedures?
- Because punishment tells you what not to do, however, it never tells you what you should do.
- What are the 6 characteristics of Proactive staff?
-
1. Knows the individuals past
2. Knows the individuals present
3. Knows the individuals future
4. Knows the agency
5. Is a professional not an employee
6. Works for and with the person