Science Heredity Test
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- Which law is this - When two contrasting traits are crossed only the dominant appears in the next generation.
- Law of Dominance
- Which law is this - Chromosomes (alleles) separate (anaphase) during the formation of sex cells
- Law of Segregation
- Which law is this - chromosomes (alleles) separate indepently of each other during the formation of gametes
- Law of Independent Assortment
- Which law is this - the chance of two events occuring together is the product of their probabilities occuring separately
- Law of Probability
- Is the law of Probability one of Mendel's laws?
- No.
- What is the law of probability the same as?
- Chance
- Who developed the laws of genetics?
- Gregor Mendle
- What laws are included in the laws of genetics?
- Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment
- What did Thomas Hunt Morgan do?
- Experimented with fruit flies
- Name three reason why fruit flies are used.
- They reproduce rapidly (short life cycle), produce large numbers of offspring, and they have easily identifiable phenotypes (easy to see)
- Who experimented with fruit flies?
- Thomas Hunt Morgan
- What is this called - some traits carried on the X chrosome do not have an allele on the Y chrosomes because it is much shorter
- Hemizygous
- What did Morgan prove -
- the chromosome theory of heredity
- What is Hemizygous?
- some traits carried on the X chrosome do not have an allele on the Y chrosomes because it is much shorter
- What did Walter Sutton study?
- Grasshoppers
- What did Wa;ter Sutton propose?
- He proposed that chrosomes carried the cell's units of inheritance
- What were these "cell units" called?
- Mendel's "factors" of inheritance
- Who proved the chrosomes theory of heredity?
- Thomas Hunt Morgan
- Who studied Grasshoppers
- Walter Sutton
- What is a trait expressed if present?
- Dominant
- What is a trait expressed only if homozygous
- Recessive
- Two different alleles for a trait
- Two different alleles for a trait
- Two similar alleles for a trait
- Homozygous
- Genetic makeup of an organism
- Genotype
- physical appearance of an organism
- Phenotype
- When neither allele is dominant and there is a blending in the phenotype
- Incomplete Dominance
- When two contrasting alleles are expressed at the same time
- Codominance
- Breeding of related organisms it is used to maintain desirable traits
- Inbreeding
- Breeding used to introduce desirable traits
- Outbreeding
- When a trait is controlled by more than two alleles
- Multiple Alleles
- Traits controlled by more than one gene pair
- Polygenic traits
- Give some examples of polygenic traits
- Eye, hair, and skin color, height and weight
- A gene in one location affects the phenotypic expression at another location
- Epistasis
- What is an example of Epistasis?
- Albinism in Rabbits
- One gene affects an organism many ways
- Pleiotropy
- What is an example of Pleiotropy?
- PKU
- What is PKU
- Mental retardation, reduced hair and skin pigmentation
- What are the types of twins?
- Fraternal, Identical, Conjoined, Half
- Describe Fraternal Twins -
- Look no more alike than normal brothers and sisters
- Identical -
- Either two boys or two girls, Look very much alike
- Descrbibe conjoined twins -
- the zygote starts to divide, but does not divide completely. The twins are attached
- What is another name for conjoined twins?
- Simase Twins
- Describe Half Twins -
- two zygotes combine - a different genotype is expressed in different parts of the body. Also can be an encapsulated twin - tumor with hair and teeth ect... inside
- What are traits express only in the presence of sex hormones
- Sex-linked traits
- Give two examples of sex-linked traits
- Color in birds, Beard growth in men, milk production in women
- traits expressed only in the presence of sex hormones
- Sex-limited traits
- give an example of sex limited traits
- Color in birds, beard growth in men, milk production in women
- traits expressed in both sexes but differently
- Sex-influenced
- Give an example of Sex-influenced traits expressed in both sexes but differently
- Baldness
- used to determine If it is homozygous or heterozygous dominant
- Test cross
- What does the male determine
- the sex of the child
- What do the letters on the outside of a punnet square represent -
- genotype of parents
- What about on the inside of the square
- possible genotypes of the children
- Why do Himalayan Rabbits have black ears, nose and feet
- Those are the parts of the body that lose heat the fastest
- What colors to Artic Foxes turn
- Brown to white
- What is the term for Y being shorter than X chromosome
- Hemizygois
- On X but not Y
- Color Blindness, Hemophilia
- Disadvantage of Inbreeding
- Keep Bad traits, recessive traits expressed