Ch. 23 S.S study guide
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- Who was the last Tsar in Russia?
- Nicholas II
- Who was the leader of Germany?
- Kaiser Wilhem II
- Describe the terms of the 14 Points.
- -No secret treaties -All countries should replace military -Ethnis groups should be given independence -Russia could choose their type of gvmt -League of Nations: helped resolve conflicts peacefully
- What countries amde up the Triple Entente?
- Great Britain, France, and Russia
- What countries made up the Triple Alliance?
- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
- What 2 countries were not invited to participate in the Paris peace conference?
- Germany && Russia
- What country was created by the Bolsheviks after the Russian revolution?
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
- Who were the "Big Four"?
- Pres. Wilson, Prime Minister of Britain David Lloyd George, Premier Georges Clemeneau of France, and Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy.
- What treaty ended WWI?
- Treaty of Versailles
- What was George Clemeneau's opinion about how Germany should be treated?
- He wanted revenge against Germany for the two invasions they set on France. Also though Germany should be divided into smaller countries.
- Who were the Central Powers?
- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire
- Who was the first woman in Congress?
- Jeanette Rankin
- Describe the weapons that were new or vastly improved during WWI.
- -Flame Throwers were used to spread fire by launching burning fuel (German) -Grenades could be hand-thrown or rifle-driven. First used my Germany cause Britain didn't see a use for them. -Machine Guns ended up dominating the battlefield. required 4-6 operators. -Poison Gas (German) effects were very severa and would cause victim to choke to death if breathed in. -Rifle remained the most crucial, ever-present infantry weapon throughout the war. -Tanks (British) First tank nicknamed (Little Willie) it weighed 14 tons and 12ft long. Could carry 3 people in cramped conditions and traveled at 3mph on level ground. 2mph on rough terrain. -Trench Mortar was short, stubby tube that fired a projectile at a steep angle so it fell straight down on enemy. -Airplanes were first used only for reconnaissance (to see other soldiers and where they were at) they traveled through the air at 70-80 mph (which was slow) this was excelled by the French.
- Who were the Allied Powers?
- Britain, France, Russia, US, Italy, and Japan
- Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?
- Vladimir Lenin
- What decision did the Senate make regarding the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations?
- Rejected the treaty and we never joined the League of Nations.
- Describe the Russian Revolution (both parts)
- First part- Protest lasted several days in St. Petersburg. Russian troops were ordered to open fire on demonstrators in St. Petersburg after several days of demonstration. Nicholas gave up the throne and his whole family was shot. Then the new democratic gvmt was then created. Second part- Democratic gvmt was over thrown in Nov. by the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin. (It was Oct. in Russia's Julian Calendar) Russia signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany. Russia then surrendered Poland and Ukraine to Germans. The Bolsheviks later created the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first communist country.
- How did most Americans feel about the war at the beginning?
- wanted US to stay neutral;most Americans thought the war did not concern them
- On what date and at what time did the armistice begin that ended WWI?
- 11/11/1918 at 11:11 am
- Who assasinated Ferdinand?
- Gavrilo Princip
- Describe the sinking of the Lusitania.
- On May 7, 1915 a U-boat sinks the British Luxury Liner. Sinks in about 15 minutes and 1198 died including 128 Americans.
- Who was the first Tsar in Russia?
- Ivan IV (AKA- Ivan the Terrible)
- Who did Austria-Hungary blame for the assassination?
- Serbian gvmt
- What were the 5 causes of World War I?
- 1) Nationalism - Feeling of intense loyalty in European countries. Different ethnic groups wanted to form their own nations 2) Imperial Expansion - the desire of nations to expand their empires. This led to competition between Africa, Asia, and others. 3) Militarism - with countries trying to gain colonies, militaries were built up to protect these colonies. 4) Formed Alliances - countries began to build defense agreements with each other. 5) Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand on June 28, 1914.
- What was the Zimmerman note?
- Jan. 1917 Arthur Zimmerman (German Foreign Secretary) sent coded telegram to German ambassador in Mexico City. He proposed that Mexico attack the US if they entered the war.
- Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
- heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
- What were U-boats?
- German submarines
- What announcement did Germany make on Feb. 1915?
- They would sink all British ships in British ports
- How many peope were killed or wounded during WWI?
- 8.5 million soldiers killed, 1.5 million civilians killed, 20 million wounded, and then 30 million casualties in all.
- Who led the American forces in Europe?
- John J. "Black Jack" Pershing
- What 9 countries were created from Austria-Hungary and Russia?
- Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, && Latvia
- What did President Wilson say about America's position?
- Agreed and declared American neutrality
- What 2 major European countries became nations for the first time in the 1860s and 1870s?
- Italy and Germany
- What was Woodrow Wilson's peace plan called?
- Fourteen Points
- What happened in Germany on November 9, 1918?
- Wilhelm is overthrown and Germany becomes republic
- What happened to Wilson on September 25, 1919?
- He suffered a stroke
- What was the League of Nations?
- association which helped resolve conflicts peacefully
- Describe the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
- It featured 440 articles. Germany lost 13.5% of its land and all overseas territory. Army limited 100,000 men, and ban placed on artillery, poison gas, tanks, aircraft, && U-boats. Navy reduced to 6 battleships, 6 light cruisers, 12 destroyers, and 12 torpedo boats. German gvmt had to accept the blame for WWI and pay 12 million in reparations. (That would be 139 billion today)