Social Studies
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Terms
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- John Peter Zenger
- A man who fought for freedom of the press in 1733. He began criticizing the royal government of New York in his newspaper.
- "Old Lights"
- The traditionalists in New England.
- Benjamin Franklin
- One of the most important thinkers of his time. He invented the lightening rod and bifocals. He never put patents on his work because he wanted the public to benefit from his ideas.
- The Privy Council
- A group of people who set the English policies in the colonies.
- Gilbert Tennent
- A leader of the new Movement.
- Phillis Wheatley
- A poet who used religious language and imagery in her poetry.
- Scientific Method
- A method discovered by Isaac Newton requiring that scientist carefully study natural events.
- House Of Burgesses
- The assembly's second law house who's memeber were elected by colonists to represent Virginia's plantations and towns.
- Edmund Andros
- A royal governor of the Dominion. Edmund was a former governor of New York. He was disliked among the colonists.
- Navigation Acts
- Acts that required colonists to do the bulk of their trading with England.
- Parliament
- England's national legislature or lawmaking body.
- Great Awakening
- A widespread Christian movement involving sermons and revivals that emphasized on faith in God.
- Triangular Trade
- A trade that could follow several different routes.
- David Rittenhouse
- The society's second president. He designed mathematical and astronomical instruments.
- Middle Passage
- A journey that could last as long as three months. It carried enslaved Africans to North or South America to be sold for profit as human cargo.
- Libel
- A false written statement that damaged the governor's reputation.
- Revivals
- Emotional gatherings where people came together to hear sermons and declare their faith.
- Olaudah Equiano
- A boy that was sold into slavery at the age of 11.
- Bicameral legislature
- Parliament's lawmaking body made up of two houses, or groups.
- Mercantilism
- An economic system in which nations created and maintained wealth by carefully controlling trade.
- Apprentices
- Young boys who learned skilled trades. They lived with a master craftsman and learned from him.
- Isaac Newton
- The man who discovered gravity. He explained who objects on the Earth and in the sky behave.
- Town Meetings
- Meetings held to talk about and decide issues of local interests, such as paying for schools.
- Entrpeneurs
- People who undertake a new business to make a profit.
- Duties
- Import taxes set on some trade products.
- Cash Crops
- Crops that were sold at farms for large profits (i.e. tobacco, rice, and indigo were the most important cash crops).
- Enlightenment
- The changing way people viewed human actions.
- Galileo Galilei
- On the the leading figures in the Scientific Revolution.
- Dominion of New England
- The colonies of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Rhode Island.
- Exports
- Goods sold to other countries.
- Slave Codes
- Laws to control slaves.
- Free Enterprise
- an economic competition with little government control.
- Scientific Revolution
- The scientists new ideas about the universe.
- Staple Crops
- Crops that were always needed.
- George Whitefield
- One of the most popular ministers of the Great Awakening.
- Jonathan Edwards
- One of the more important leaders of the Great Awakening.
- John Peter Zenger
- A man who fought for freedom of the press in 1733. He began criticizing the royal government of New York in his newspaper.
- Imports
- Goods bought from other countries.
- "New Lights"
- The followers of the Great Awakening.
- Glorious Revolution
- The overthrow of James II. When the residents of the Dominion first learned about the Glorious Revolution in 1689, they removed Andros as governor.
- English Bill of Rights
- An act that reduced the powers of the English monarchy. Parliament gained power at the same time.
- Anne Bradstreet
- A New England poet who wrote about her love for her family and faith.
- Benjamin Banneker
- A free African American who lived in Maryland. Banneker predicted a solar eclipse in 1789.
- Balance of Trade
- If a country had fewer imports than exports they had a balance of trade.