Noun Syntax
Terms
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- Genitive of Possession
- when the genitive case is used to show ownerships, such as "the book of the girl"
- Partitive Genitive
- When a noun in the genitive case represents the whole of which another noun is a part of. ex, "Many 'of the inhabitants' will not work
- Subjective Genitive
- When a noun in the genitive case expresses the person for thing performing a verbal action implied in another noun. ex, The hatred 'of the bad man' against good men was great.
- Objective Genitive
- When a noun in the genitive expresses the person or thing receiving a verbal action implied in another noun. ex, On account of the hatred, 'of their masters', they weren't working. Substitute of with for and you'll get it
- Dative of Reference
- ex, 'To the sailor' the danger of the sea is real., 'With reference to the sailor' the danger of the sea is real.
- Dative of Indirect Object
- ex. The girl gave a toy 'to the cat'. To the cat is the indirect object
- Dative of the Possessor
- When the the dative is used to indicate the person who possess something. ex, To the master there is a book. aka The master has a book
- Dative of Purpose, usually combines with dative of reference to form Double Dative Construction
- Ex, tū mihi cūrae es. Ex, You to me for the purpose of a concern are. You are for the purpose of a concern to me. You are a source of concern to me
- Dative of Advantage and Disadvantage
- When you use for, and you could for the advantage or for the disadvantage of and it would make sense in the sentence.
- Dative with an Intransitive Verb
- When a dative is used with an intransitive verb. ex, My opinion is pleasing 'to Anthony'. And is pleasing is the intransitive verb
- Accusative of Place to Which
- When accusative is used to express motion towards a place. Ex. The women is being sent 'to the province'.
- Accusative of Duration of Time
- Accusative with no prep. is used to express the amount of time during which the action of the verb occurs. In Italy 'for many years' there had been kings.
- Ablative of Accompaniment
- Requires cum. Ex, The farmer came 'with the poet'.
- Ablative of means
- No preposition requires. When the ablative case is used to express what is being used do something.
- Ablative of Personal Agent
- Usually used with ab/ā to express the agent or person by which something is done. Ex, I was called 'by the queen'
- Ablative of Manner
- When the ablative is used to express the manner or way in which something is done. With adj. no prep. is needed. Ex. 'With great care' in the street I will walk.
- Ablative of Respect
- Bonus cōnsiliō erat Gracchus. Good 'in respect to judgement' was Gracchus.
- Ablative of Separation
- When the ablative case expresses the idea that someone is apart from some or something. Ex. I will free you 'from slavery'.
- Ablative of Cause
- Without prep. Expressed the cause or reason for a quality or verbal action. Ex. I waged war 'because of anger'.
- Ablative of Place from which
- Like Ablative of separation but with places. Prepositions aren't used with cities, towns, small islands, and domus or rūs.
- Ablative of Time When
- Without a preposition used to the express the point in time when the action occurs. Ex. 'On that night' Pompey took the town.
- Ablative of time within which
- No Preposition used to express the limited period of time within which the action occured. Ex. I will complete the poem 'in a few days'.
- Ablative Absolute
- A noun in the ablative case that is accompanied by a circumstantial participle and unconnected in syntax with the rest of the sentence. Ex, 'With the soldiers departing, all the citizen on account....
- Dative of Agent with passive periphrastic
- A noun in the dative case is usually used with a passive periphrastic to express the agent by whome the action of the verb must be done. Ex. Carmen 'mihi' scribendum est. A poem must be written by me
- Genitive of Description
- When a noun in the Genitive case modified by an adjective is to describe another noun. Ex, Romulus, a man of great 'diligence' accomplished many things.
- Ablative of Description
- When a noun in the ablative case is modified by an adjective is used to describe another noun.
- Ablative of Origin
- Like ablative of separation, but it means the thing came from another as in birth.
- Dative with a Compound Verb
- Many compounds verbs, which have been formed by the addition of certain prepositions as prefixes to simple verbs, regularly appear with a dative that is connected in a sense wih the meaning of the preposition