Life
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Vision - 20 feet
- Birth
- Vision - acuity close to adult
- 6 months
- Vision - Limited color vision
- 2 months
- Vision - Depth perception
- 4 to 6 months
- Vision - Preference for human faces over other objects
- 2 to 5 days
- Vision - Discriminate face of mother from faces of strangers
- 1 month
- Audition - Fetus hearing sounds
- last months of development
- Audition - Only slightly less sensitive to sound intensity than adults
- Newborns
- Audition - Auditory localization
- Shortly after birth; disappears b/w 2 and 4 mths; reappears and improves during rest of 1st year
- Audition - Distinguish b/w different voices, but also prefer sound of mother's voice
- 3 months
- Audition - Distinguish b/w vowels "a" and "i"
- Few days after birth
- Audition - Distinguish b/w similar consonant sounds
- By 2 or 3 months
- Taste and Smell - Diff'ate b/w sweet and nonsweet tastes, def. preference for sweet liquids
- Within hours after birth
- Taste and Smell - Turn faces away from strong, unpleasant odors
- Newborns
- Breast-fed infants prefer smell of mother's milk over another woman's
- 8 to 10 days
- Pain - sensitivity to pain
- At birth
- Pain - sensitivity increases
- During first 5 days of life
- Preference for right or left hand
- Not apparent until about 4 years of age, though newborns exhibit some preference
- Brain atrophy
-
Begins age 30 with acceleration after age 60, esp. cortex, hippocampus, and locus ceruleus.
By age 90, brain is 20% smaller than age 30. - Able to raise chin from ground and turn head from side-to-side
- 1-3 months
- Play with hands and fingers and bring objects in hand to mouth
- 3 months
- Rolls from abdomen to back
- 4 months
- Sits on lap and reaches and grasps
- 5 months
- Sits alone and stands with help
- 6 months
- First teeth appear
- 5 to 9 months
- Sits alone without support and begins crawling or creeping
- 8 to 9 months
- Pulls self to standing by holding furniture
- 9 to 10 months
- Stands alone and walks with help
- 10 to 11 months
- Takes first steps alone
- 12 months
- Walks alone with a wide-based gait
- 13 to 14 months
- Creeps up stairs
- 15 months
- Scribbles spontaneously
- 15 months
- Uses cup well
- 15 months
- Runs clumsily
- 18 months
- Walks up stairs with hand held
- 18 months
- Can use a spoon
- 18 months
- Goes up and down stairs alone
- 24 months
- Kicks ball
- 24 months
- Turns pages of a book
- 24 months
- Use the toilet during the day
- By 24 months, 50% of children
- Jumps with both feet
- 30 months
- Good hand-finger coordination
- 30 months
- Rides tricycle
- 36 months
- Dresses and undresses with simple clothing
- 36 months
- Usually completely toilet trained
- 36 months
- Brain is 25% of its adult weight
- At birth
- Brain is 80% of adult weight
- 2 years
- Brain is at full adult weight
- Age 16
- Adolescent growth spurt for girls
- Age 11 to 12
- Adolescent growth spurt for boys
- Age 13 to 14
- Full stature for girls is achieved by what age?
- Age 15
- Full stature for boys is achieved by what age?
- Age 17
- Basic (hunger) cry
- Newborns
- Angry cry
- Newborns
- Pain cry
- Newborns
- Fussy (irregular) cry
- 1 or 2 months
- Cooing
- 6 to 8 weeks
- Babbling - sounds from all languages
- 4 months
- Babbling - sounds from native language
- 9 to 14 months
- Imitate adult speech sounds and words without understanding meaning (echolalia)
- 9 months
- Vocalizations of sounds that resemble sentences but have no meaning (expressive jargon)
- After echolalia (which is at 9 months)
- Holophrases
- 1 to 2 years
- Telegraphic speech - nouns, verbs, adjectives
- 18 to 24 months
- Telegraphic speech - prepositions and pronouns added
- 27 months
- Vocabulary is 300 to 400 words
- 27 months
- Rapid increase in vocabulary
- 18 months
- Fastest rate of vocabulary growth
- 30 to 36 months
- Vocabulary is 1000 words
- 36 months
- Sentences contain 3 or 4 words
- 36 months
- Increasing sentence complexity, grammatical accuracy, continued vocabulary growth, 50 new words learned each month
- 2.5 to 5 years
- Increasingly uses questions, negatives, and passive voice
- 2.5 to 5 years
- Gain metalinguistic awareness
- During early school years
- Recognize that words are different from concepts they represent, and can use words in humorous and metaphoric ways
- Age 6 or 7
- Children refer to themselves as a "boy" or a "girl"
- Age 3
- Show preferences for behaviors and activities that are consistent with their gender
- Even sooner than age 3
- Children acquire a gender identity (i.e., recognize that they are either male or female)
- Age 2 or 3
- Children realize that gender identity is stable over time (gender stability): Boys grow up to be men and girls grow up to be women.
- After age 3
- Children understand that gender is constant over situations and know that people cannot change gender by superficially altering their external appearance or behavior (gender constancy)
- Age 6 or 7
- Don't understand that death is irreversible and believe that the dead retain some of the capacities they had while alive.
- Ages 3 to 4
- Know that death is universal and irreversible but tend to personify it, turning it into a "bogeyman" or "witch."
- Ages 5 through 9
- Understand that the end of life is a biological process and is not due to an outside force.
- Age 10
- Emit attachment behaviors indiscriminately.
- First few months of life
- Attachment behaviors become increasingly directed toward the primary caregiver.
- 6 to 7 months
- Begin to demonstrate social referencing, which involves looking to a caregiver to determine how to respond in new or ambiguous situations.
- 6 months
- Separation anxiety - severe distress when child separated from primary caregiver.
- 6 to 8 months, peaks in intensity 14 to 18 months, then gradually declines.
- Stranger anxiety - become very anxious and fearful in the presence of a stranger, especially when a caregiver is not nearby or when caregiver does not respond positively to the stranger.
- 8 to 10 months, continues to age 2, then diminishes.
- Friends are "playmates" (children who like each other and enjoy playing together).
- Ages 4 to 7
- Trust and assistance are critical aspects of friendship; believe that friends are source of help and support
- Ages 8 to 10
- Intimacy and loyalty become important. Friends do not "deceive, reject, or abandon you."
- Age 11
- Piaget's premoral stage - exhibit little (if any) concern for rules.
- Before age 6
- Piaget's stage of heteronomous morality (or morality of constraint) - believe rules are set by authority figures and are unalterable. When judging if act is "right" or "wrong,", they consider whether rule has been violated and what th
- Age 7 to 10
- Stage of autonomous morality (or morality of cooperation) - rules are arbitrary and alterable when people who are governed by them agree to change them. Focus on intention of actor than act's consequences.
- Age 11
- Spontaneous liars; false statements are "natural" and harmless.
- Very young children
- Intentionally communicate false statements.
- Age 7 or 8
- Recognize that they can be deceived by others.
- Age 10 or 11
- Some studies show children lie intentionally to avoid punishment or obtain a reward.
- Age 4
- Shift from preconventional to conventional level of morality
- Age 10 or 11
- Shift from conventional to postconventional level of morality
- Late adolescence or adulthood
- Believe that TV characters can see into their homes and that they can talk to TV characters.
- Age 3 and 4
- Understand that TV characters are actors who are playing roles.
- Age 7
- Commercials are there "to help entertain you"
- Age 4 and 5
- Understand that commercials are intended to influence viewers' buying habits.
- Age 8