Bio 2200 Ch. 1
Terms
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- study of microorganisms - organisms you need a microscope to see
- Microbiology
- uptake of nutrients from the environment, their transformation within the cell, and elimination of wastes into the environment (open system)
- Metabolism
- Chemicals from the environment that are turned into new cells under direction of preexisting cells
- Reproduction
- Formation of new cell structure such as a spore, usually as part of cellular life cycle
- Differentiation
- When cells communicate or interact by means of chemical that are released or taken up
- Communication
- 6 Characteristics of Living Systems:
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1) Metabolism
2) Reproduciton
3) Differentiation
4) Communication
5) Movement
6) Evolution - living organisms often capable of self-propulsion
- Movement
- Cells contain genes and evolve to display new biological functions
- Evolution
- ____________ used 1st microscope to observe the __________ (reproductive structures) of the common blue mold, ______________ in 1664
- Robert Hooke; fruiting bodies; Penicillium
- This guy was real master of microscope, began making microscopes that were so good they could see bacteria
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- botanist who was insturumental in founding science of Bacteriology
- Ferdinand J. Cohn
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- french chemist
- showed microbes were everywhere
- showed they didn't develop from nothing - Louis Pasteur
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- 1st to make doctors wash hands in chlorine solution
- mortality went from 13% to 2% in women giving birth - Semmelweis
- - had doctors clean operatin tools and theatres (operating rooms) with carbolic acid
- Joseph Lister
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- famous for work on tuberculosis which at the time killed 1 out of every 7 people in the world
- 1st to prove that microbes cause disease - Robert Koch
- the importance of working with pure cultures and formulating a series of tests to determine if a given microbe was the cause of the disease; known as __________________
- Koch's Postulates (Germ Theory of Disease)
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developed the enrichment culture technique
- described Tobacco Mosaic Virus as "soluble" living microbes
- Father of Birology - Martinus Beijernick
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Isolated nitrifying bacteria from soil
- performs definitive work on organisms responsible for the process of nitrificaiton in nature - Sergei Winogradsky