Scott Gardner TCC Nursing Q2W05 Unit 6 Post Op Complications
Terms
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- What is an Idiosyncratic Reaction to a Medication?
- When one under/over reacts to a medication, or has a different from normal reaction, as in when child taking Benadryl becomes over excited, rather than sedated.
- What is an anaphylactic reaction?
- SUdden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx, and severe wheezing and shorness of breath.
- What is used to treat Anaphylactic reactions?
- Antihistamines, epinephrine, and bronchodilators.
- Define Atelectasis
- Collapse of alveoli with retained mucous secretions. S/S include elevated Respirations, dypsnea, fever. Carckles and productive cough.
- Define Pneumonia
- Inflammation of alveoli. One or more lobes of the lung. S/S fever, chills, productive cough, chest pain, purulent mucus, dyspnea.
- Define Hypoxemia
- Inadequate concentration of O2 in arterial blood. S/S Restlessness, dyspnea, high or low BP, tachy or brady cardia, diaphoresis and cyanosis.
- Define Pulmonary Embolism
- Emoblus blocking the pulmonary arterial blood flow to one or more lobes of the lung. S/S dyspnea, sudden chest pain, cyanosis, tachycardia, drop in BP.
- Define Hemorrhage
- Loss of large amount of blood externally or internally in short period of time. S/S include hypotension, week and rapid pulse, cool and clammy skin, rapid breathing, restlessness, decreased urine putput.
- Define Hypovolemic shock.
- Inadequate perfusion of tissues and cells from loss of circulatory fluid volume. S/S same as hemorrhage.
- Define Thrombophlebitis
- Inflammation of vein often accompanied by clot formation. Veins in legs are most commonly affected. S/S include swelling and inflammation of involved site and aching or cramping pain. Vein feels hard and cordlike and sensetive to touch.
- Define Thrombus
- Formation of a clot attached to interior wall of a vein or artery which can occlude the vessel lumen. S/S Localized tenderness, swollen calf or thigh.
- Define Embolus
- Piese of thrombus that has dislodged and circulates in bloodstream until it lodges in another vessel, commonly lungs, heart, brain, or mesentery.
- Define Payalytic Ileus
- Non-mechanical obstruction of the bowel caused by physiological, neurogenic or chemical imbalance associated with decreased peristalsis. Common in intial hours post op.
- Define Abdominal Distention
- Tetention of air within intestines and ABD cavity during GI Surgery. S/S increased ABD girth, tympanic percussion, fulness or "gas pains".
- Define Nausea and Vomiting
- Abbreviated as N/V during charting. Symptom of improper gastric emptying or chemical stimulation of vomiting center. Client complains of gagging or feeling full or sick to stomach.
- Define Urinary Retention
- The inability of the bladder to empty partially or completely during voiding.
- Define UTI
- Urinary Tract Infection as a result of bacterial or yeast contamination. S/S include dysuria, itching, ABD pain, possible fever, coudy urine, WBC and Leukocyte esterase positive on U/A.
- Define Wound Infection
- An invasion of deep or superficial wound tissues by pahtogenic microorganisms. S/S warm, red, and tender skin around incision. Fever and chills, purulent material exiting from drains or from separated wound edges. Infeciton usually appears 3-6 days after surgery.
- Define Wound Dehiscence
- Separation of wound edges at suture line. S/S include incerased drainage and appearance of underlying tissues. This usually occurs 6-8 days after surgery.
- Define Wound Evisceration
- Protrusion of internal organs and tissues through incision. Incidence usually occurs 6-8 days post op.
- Define Skin Breakdown
- Result of pressure or shearing forces. Surgical clients are at increased risk if alterations in nutrition and circulation are present resulting in edema or delayed healing.
- Define Intractable Pain
- Pain that is not amenable to analgesics and pain-alleviationg interventions.
- Define Intestinal Obstruction
- Partial or complete impairment of the forward flow of intestinal contents. Mortality rates are 10% for small and 30% for large bowel obstructions.
- Define Volvulus
- A twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction.
- Define Intussusception
- The slipping of one part of an intestine into another part just below it; becoming ensheathed
- What is the best Medical Management of Intestinal Obstruction
- Insertion of an intestinal tube. Often an intestinal tube both decompresses the bowel, and breaks up the obstruction.
- Define Peritonitis
- Inflammation of the peritoneal Membrane.
- What are the risk factors for peritonitis?
- There are no risk factors, because it is a complication of another problem. That could be rupture or gangrene of the gallbladder, perforated peptic ulcer or IBD, bowel obstruction, penetrating wounds.
- What tests can reveal peritonitits?
- High WBC 20K, with high neutrophil count. ABD X-ray studies are performed which may show dilation and edema of the intestines or free air.
- What is the most common cause of urinary retention in women?
- Detrusor failure when the bladder fails to contract.
- What is the most common cause of urinary retention in men?
- Obstructive voiding is due to an enlarged prostate
- What is BPH?
- Benigne Protattic Hypertrophy.
- Define a PE
- A Pulmonary Embolism is an occlusion of a portion of the plumonary blood vessels by an embolus, which is a clot or other plug. They can be lethal. 355K/Diagnoses per year w/240K Deaths.
- Define a VAE
- Venous Air Emoblism. 3-8 ml can cause problems.
- Define FES
- Fat Embolism Syndrome. An embolism of fat that occurs after a frature, usually of one of th elong bones, ribs, or pelvis.
- Define DVT
- Deep Vein Thrombosis.
- When are DVT's a problem.
- When clients are immobile, especially after Hip replacement.
- With Regard to Thrombophlebitis, what is Virchows Triad?
- (1) Venous Stasis (2) Hypercoagulability (3) Injury to the venous wall. Two of the three must be present for thrombi to form.