rubenstein 1
Terms
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- Section
- A square normally 1 mile on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the United States into 36 sections.
- Diffusion
- The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time.
- Hierarchical religion
- A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control
- Agricultural density
- The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.
- GIS
- A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.
- Arithmetic density
- The total number of people divided by the total land area.
- Parallel
- circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.
- Stimulus diffusion
- The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.
- Location
- The position of anything on Earth's surface
- Cartography
- The science of making maps.
- Concentration
- The spread of something over a given area. Concentric zone model A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
- Toponym
- The name given to a portion of Earth's' surface.
- Relocation diffusion
- The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.
- Venacular region (or perceptual region)
- An area that people believe to exist as part of their cultural identity.
- Formal region (or uniform or homogeneous region)
- An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics.
- Physiological density
- The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
- Township
- A square normally 6 miles on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the United States into a series of townships
- Expansion diffusion
- The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.
- Distribution
- The arrangement of something across Earth's surface.
- Latitude
- The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator (0�).
- Meridian
- An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles.
- Culture
- The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people's distinct tradition.
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
- A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
- Map
- A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it.
- Land Ordinance of 1785
- A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.
- Possibilism
- The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
- Cultural landscape
- Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.
- Longitude
- The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (0�).
- Principal meridian
- A north-south line designated in the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.
- Resource
- A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.
- Environmental determinism
- A nineteenth- and early twentieth century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.
- Remote sensing
- The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods.
- Scale
- Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface.
- Cultural ecology
- Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.
- Regional (or cultural landscape) studies
- An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.
- Connections
- Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.
- Place
- A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.
- Projection
- The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map.
- Hearth
- The region from which innovative ideas originate
- Pattern
- The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a stud area.
- Contagious diffusion
- The rapid, widespread diffusion, feature, or trend throughout a population
- Site
- The physical character of a place
- Mental map
- An internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located.
- Transnational corporation
- A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.
- International Date Line
- An arc that for the most part follows 180� longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.
- Space-time compression
- The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.
- Polder
- Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area.
- Region
- An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.
- Situation
- The location of a place relative to other places. Situation factors Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory.
- Density
- The frequency With which something exists within a given unit of area.
- Functional (or nodal) region
- An area organized around a node or focal point.
- Uneven development
- The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy.
- Greenvich Mean Time
- The time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0� longitude.
- Space
- The physical gap or interval between two objects
- Distance decay
- The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
- Base line
- An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.
- Globalization
- Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope