Activity and Exercise
Terms
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- Abduction
- Lateral movement of the body part away from the midline of the body.
- Active exercise
- Joint movement activated by the person.
- Activity
- Vigorous or energetic action.
- Adduction
- Movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.
- Anatomical position
- Body position face up, palms down.
- Alignment
- The proper positioning; or state of adjustment of parts.
- Ankylosis
- Fixation or immobilization of a joint.
- Atrophy
- Decrease in the size of a body structure.
- Body mechanics
- Efficient use of the body as a machine and as a means of locomotion.
- Contracture
- Permanent contraction state of a muscle.
- Circumduction
- Moving the distal part of the limb to trace a complete circle while proximal end of the bone remains fixed.
- Demineralization
- Loss of bodily minerals; such as calcium salts.
- Distal
- Situated away from the point of attachment.
- Dorsal recumbent
- Lying on the back with legs separated, knees bent, and the soles of the feet flat on the bed.
- Exercise
- Active exertion of muscles involving contraction and relaxation of the muscle groups.
- External rotation
- A body part turning on its axis away from the midline of the body.
- Extension
- The state of being in a straight line.
- Flexion
- The state of being bent.
- Footboard
- A narrow platform on which to stand or brace the feet.
- Footdrop
- Complication resulting from extended plantar flextion.
- Fowler’s position
- A semisitting position.
- Kyphosis
- Abnormal backward curvature of the spine.
- Lateral position
- Side-lying position.
- Lordosis
- Abnormal curvature of the spine forward.
- Opposition
- An act of setting opposite or over against.
- Osteoporosis
- Condition characterized by loss of calcium from bone tissue.
- Passive exercise
- Manual or mechanical means of moving the joints.
- Plantar flexion
- Flexion of the foot.
- Posture
- Alignment of body parts that permits optimal musculoskeletal balance and operation and promotes healthy physiologic functioning.
- Prone
- Lying on the abdomen with the head turned to the side.
- ROM-Range of Motion
- Complete extent of movement of which a joint is normally capable.
- Scoliosis
- A lateral curvature of the spine.
- Supine
- Lying on the back with face upward.
- Sim’s position
- Lying on side, but the lower arm is behind the head, and the upper arm is flexed at the shoulder and the elbow.
- Trendelenberg position
- Position in which the person on an elevated and inclined plane, usually about 45 degrees, with the head down, and legs and feet hanging over the edge of the table.
- Trochanter roll
- Prevent the external rotation of the hips of a bedridden patient.
- Cartlidge
- Non-vascular connective tissue found in the joints as well as in the nose, ear, thorax, trachea, and larynx.
- Dangling
- Position in which the person sits on the edge of the bed w/ legs and feet over the side of the bed.
- Flaccidity
- Decreased tone from disuse
- Isokinetic Exercise
- Muscle contration with resistance (lifting leg with leg weights on ankles)
- Isometric Exercise
- Muscle contraction without shortening (pushing against wall)
- Isotonic Exercise
- Muscles shortening and active movement (walking)
- Ligaments
- Fibrous bands that bind joints together and connect bones and cartilage.
- Negative Nitrogen Balance
- Conditions resulting in muscle wasting and decreased phsyical energy for movement and work.
- Neurons
- Nerve cells that conduct impulses from one part of the body to another
- Orthopedics
- The correction or prevention of disorders of body structures used in locomotion
- Paresis
- Impaired muslce strength or weakness
- Spasticity
- increased tone that interferes eith movement
- Tendons
- Strong, flexible, inelastic fibrous bands that attach muscle to bone
- Tonus
- The state of slight contraction - the usual state of skeletal muscles
- Activity and Exercise
- Activity and Exercise