USMLE 1 Path Repro

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

What causes a bicornuate uterus?: incomplete fusion of
Paramesonepheric ducts
Dx: abnormal opening of penile urethra on inferior side of penis Cause?: Hypospadias

cause:
failure of Urethral folds to close

[Hypospadias in Inferior - can see w/ penis held HI]
Dx: abnormal opening of penile urethra on superior side of penis Cause? what is it assoc with?: Epispadias

cause:
bad positioning of Genital Tubercle

assoc w/: Extrophy of bladder

[Epispadias = Extrophy]
genotypic and gonadal female (XX) with ovaries but external genitalia is virilized or ambiguous cause?: Female Pseudohermaphrodite

cause:
extra exposure to androgens during early gestation
genotypic and gonadal male (XY) with testis but external genitalia is female or ambiguous (vagina that ends in blind pouch) cause?: Male Pseudohermaphrodite

cause:
loss of androgen receptor function
Another name for Male pseudohermaphrodism: Androgen Insensitivity syndrome
Definition: Both ovary and testicular tissue present (47,XXY): True Hermaphrodite
Dx: Ambiguous genitalia until puberty, when increase in testosterone causes masculinization: 5-alpha reductase deficiency
Dx: tight foreskin that is difficult to retract over glans penis: Phimosis
Definition: subcutaneous fibrosis of the dorsum of the penis in older men: Peyronie Dz
Dx: painless chancre: Syphillis
Definition: a single erythematous plaque most often on the shaft of the penis or scrotum: Bowen Dz
Definition: a single erythematous plaque most often on the glans penis or the prepuce: Erythroplasia of Queyrat
Dx: Multiple wart-like lesions that histologically resemble Bowens and Queyrat: Bowenoid Papulosis
Dx: developmental failure of the testis to descend into the scrotum: Cryptorchidism
where does the fluid of a Hydrocele fill?: Tunica Vaginalis
Definition: malignant germ cell tumor presenting as painless enlargement of testis in 35 yo men; radiosensitive and poss Inc hCG: Seminoma
which testicular tumor is similar to a seminoma but at a younger age of onset?: Embryonal CA
Definition: malignant germ cell tumor of testis that has a peak in infancy and early childhood; Inc alpha-fetoprotein: Enodermal sinus (Yolk Sac) tumor
difference b/t immature and mature teratoma: Immature:
resembles fetal tissue

Mature:
resembles adult tissue
Definition: benign testicluar stromal tumor that can produce androgens and estrogens, contains Reinke crystals seen in precocious puberty or gynecomastia: Leydig cell Tumor
Definition: benign testicular stromal tumor that forms cord-like structures with minor endocrine abnormalities: Sertoli cell tumor
Definition: testicular tumor w/ trophoblastic cells and villous structures resembling a placenta, malignant, hemorrhagic and Inc b-hCG: Choriocarcinoma
where in the prostate does Adenocarcinoma occur?: Peripheral zone (Posterior lobe) only
Dx: pruitis and leukoplakia in the vulvar region (name benign and precancerous): Lichen Sclerosis
(benign)

Atypical hyperplastic dystrophy
(pre-CA)
Dx: Benign papilloma caused by HPV; koilocytes which HPV types?: Condyloma Acuminatum

(HPV 6 and 11)
Squamous cell CA on penis, vulva, cervix is assoc w/ which HPV? (4): 16, 18, 31, 33
Dx: in children younger then 5 yo, a "bunch of grapes" protruding from the vulva: Sarcoma Botryoides
Dx: menstrual-related onset of pain in the entire pelvic area: Endometriosis
what amniotic fluid abnormality is a cause of anencephaly?: Polyhydraminos

(due to esophageal/duodenal atresia)
MC Uterine tumor what is its size related to?: Leiomyoma

(Fibroid)

size: Estrogen secretion
(more at Preg, less at Menopause)
Dx: abnormal endometrial gland proliferation due to excess estrogen; manifests as vaginal bleeding: Endometrial Hyperplasia
What do HPV viral proteins E6 and E7 bind to?: E6 = p53

E7 = Rb
Definition: swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium (trophoblast); high b-hCG; "honeycomb uterus" or "cluster of grapes" appearance: Hydatidiform mole
Dx: 46,XX and completely Paternal; without fetus: Complete Hydatidiform mole
Dx: 69,XXY (or tetraploidy); may contain fetal parts: Partial Hydatidiform mole
Dx: pregnancy-induced HTN, proteinuria, and edema; HA, blurred vision, hyperreflexia, thrombocytopenia: Preeclampsia
Dx: pregnancy-induced HTN, proteinuria, edema and seizures; HA, blurred vision, hyperreflexia, thrombocytopenia: Eclampsia
What pregnancy Dx presents as RUQ pain and HTN in 50% of patients?: HELLP syndrome
Tx for Eclampsia (2): IV magnesium sulfate

and

Diazepam
Dx: premature separation of placenta w/ painful uterine bleeding (usu in 3rd trimester); fetal death; may be assoc w/ DIC: Abruptio Placentae
Dx: defective decidual layer allows placenta to attach directly to myometrium; possibly due to previous c-section; may have massive hemorrhage post-delivery: Placenta Acreta
Dx: attachment of placenta to lower uterine segment; may occlude cervical os; Painless bleeding in any trimester: Placenta Previa
Which CIN is considered carcinoma in situ?: CIN-3
what type of CA is assoc w/ cervix? what is the Cause Of Death in 80% of patients?: Squamous cell CA

COD:
UREMIA due to local extension to compress ureters
Definition: Endometriosis in the myometrium: Adenomyosis
MC GYN malignancy what is presenting age range?: Endometrial CA

age: 55-65
Dx: Bulky tumor w/ areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, typically arising de novo, may protrude from cervix and bleed: Leiomyosarcoma
Ovarian Cyst: distention of unruptured graafian follicle; may be assoc w/ hyperestrinism and endometrial hyperplasia: Follicular cyst
Ovarian Cyst: hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum; mentrual irregularities: Corpus Luteum cyst
Ovarian Cyst: bilateral, multiple, due to gonadotropin stimulation; can be assoc w/ choriocarcinoma or hydatidiform moles: Theca-Lutein cyst
Ovarian Cyst: blood-containing cyst from ovarian endometriosis; varies w/ mentrual cycle: Chocolate cyst
Dx: amenorrhea, infertility, obesity, hirsutism, multiple small follicular cysts what hormone is in excess?: Polycystic Ovarian syndrome

Increased LH
Dx: frequently bilateral, lined w/ fallopian tube-like epithelium, benign;: Serous Cystadenoma

(20% of ovarian tumors)
Dx: frequently bilateral, malignant, w/ fallopian tube-like epithelium; 50% of ovarian tumors: Serous Cystadenocarcinoma
Dx: multilocular cyst lined by mucus-secreting epithelium; benign: Mucinous Cystadenoma
Dx: malignant tumor w/ mucus-secreting epithelium, can rupture producing multiple peritoneal tumor implants that produce mucinous material: Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma
Definition: Rupture of a mucinous tumor that causes multiple peritoneal tumor implants, all producing large quantities of intraperitoneal mucinous material: Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Dx: benign ovarian tumor that resembles Bladder transitional epithelium: Brenner tumor

[Brenner = Bladder]
Dx: Ovarian tumor w/ bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblasts what cell does it originate from?: Ovarian Fibroma

(Thecal cell)
Dx: Ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax: Meigs syndrome
Dx: ovarian estrogen-secreting tumor causing precocious puberty in kids or endometrial hyperplasia in adults. name and describe the characteristic cell: Granulosa cell tumor

Call-Exner bodies:
small follicles filled w/ eosinophilic secretions
Dx: MC malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary; sheets of uniform cells w/ Inc hCG: Dysgerminoma

(Seminoma in man)
Dx: aggressive malignancy in ovaries, produces alpha-fetoprotein, Schiller-Duval bodies: Endodermal Sinus (Yolk Sac) tumor
Dx: rare, malignant ovarian tumor that can develop during pregnancy in mother or baby; large hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblastic cells; high b-hCG: Choriocarcinoma
MC benign ovarian tumor name and describe what it can contain?: Teratoma

Stuma Ovarii - functional thyroid tissue
In females, how does the Immature vs Mature teratoma differ from Males?: Females:

Immature - aggressively Malignant

Mature - Benign

(Men Mature are Malignant)
MC testicular CA in older men: Testicular lymphoma
Dx: aggressive malignant neoplasm w/ Inc hCG and early spread to lungs; preceded by hydatidiform mole, abortion of ectopic or normal pregnancy: Gestational Choriocarcinoma

(more common then Ovarian type)
MC disorder of the breast b/t 25 - 50 yo It may present w/ what characteristic?: Fibrocystic Dz

(Blue dome cyst)
Dx: diffuse breast pain w/ fibrosis and multiple lesions bilaterally what type has cellular atypia of small ducts w/ fibrosis?: Fibrocystic Dz

(Sclerosing Adenosis)
MC benign breast tumor in women < 25 yo: Fibroadenoma
Dx: small, benign, firm, rubbery, painless, well-circuscribed lesion of breast: Fibroadenoma

(less then 25 yo)
Dx: benign large bulky mass of connective tissue and cysts in breast; has "leaflike" projections: Cystosarcoma Phyllodes
Dx: tumor of lactiferous duct, presenting w/ serous or bloody nipple discharge: Intraductal papilloma
What receptors are expressed in post-menopausal malignant CA of breast? (2): Overexpression of E2/P4 receptors

erb-B2 (HER-2)
MC place for Malignant breast CA: Upper, outer quadrant
Dx: eczematous patches on nipple, characteristic large cells surrounded by clear halo area, invades epidermis, underlying ductal CA always present: Padget Dz of the Breast
Dx: malignant breast CA w/ Lymphocytic infiltrate: Medullary CA
Dx: multicentric or Bilateral breast CA w/ cells arranged in linear ("indian-file") fashion: Invasive Lobular CA

[Invasive Lobular = Indian Line]
Dx: breast CA w/ lymphatic involvement of skin by underlying CA causing red, swollen and hot area on breast: Inflammatory CA
Dx: tumor cells fill breast ducts resulting in necrosis and a cheese-like consistency (2 names): Intraductal CA in situ

(Comedocarcinoma)

[Cheesy Comedian]
Dx: malignant breast CA w/ tumor cells in cords, islands and glands embedded in dense fibrous stroma; firm consistency: Invasive Ductal CA

(MC malignant Breast CA)
Dx: clusters of neoplastic cells fill intralobular ductules and acini and don't pass BM, often metastasis to bilateral breast by time of initial Dx: Lobular CA in situ
Dx: malignant breast CA w/ pools of extracellular mucus surrounding clusters of tumor cells; gelatinous consistency: Mucinous (Colloid) CA
Dx: young adult w/ fever, vomiting and diarrhea, rapid pulse and hypotension, diffuse macular rash: Toxic Shock syndrome

(S. aureus)
what bug causes PID in combo w/ monoarticular arthritis?: Gonorrhea

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 87