Ch 20 IDs
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Carnival
- a time of reveling and excess in Catholic and Mediterranean Europe-preceded Lent-few days in February or March in which a wild release of drinking, masquerading, and dancing reigned-like a different world
- Gout
- a common affliction of the overfed and underexercised rich-deficiency in vitamins A and C
- Extended family
- newly married couple goes to live with either the bride's or groom's family; husband and wife raise kids while living under same roof with brothers and sisters who may also be married; family consists of three or four generations with patriarchal or matriarchal head-Asian and African societies
- Lent
- 40 days of fasting and penitence before Easter-preceded by Carnival
- Constitutional Convention
- delegates were determined to end the period of economic depression, social uncertainty, and very weak central govt. following independence-granted federal govt. important powers of regulation of domestic and foreign trade, right to tax, and means to enforce laws-public debate after ideas presented to public
- Scurvy
- a disease that leads to rotting gums, swelling of the limbs, and great weakness-caused by shortages of vitamin C
- Cauterizing
- burning of a body part to remove or close a piece of it-used in amputating
- Bloodletting
- effective in speeding patients to their graves-considered a medical cure-all-removing of "bad blood" to balance good blood
- Treaty of Paris of 1783
- Britain recognized the independence of the thirteen colonies and ceded all its territory between the Allegheny Mountains and the Mississippi River to the Americans
- Edward Jenner
- talented country doctor, noted that in the English countryside there was a long-standing belief that dairy maids who had contracted cowpox did not get smallpox-cowpox produces sores on the cow's udder and on the hands of the milker-sores resemble those of smallpox, but it is mild and not contagious-carefully collected data for 18 years-1796: performed first vaccination on a young boy using matter taken from a milkmaid with cowpox-more successful vaccinations-published findings in 1798-info spread throughout Europe-decline of smallpox-prizes for discovery
- Anti-Federalists
- opponents of the proposed constitution charged that the framers of the new document had taken too much power from the individual states and made the federal govt. too strong-they feared for their personal liberties and individual freedoms for which they had fought
- St. Vincent de Paul
- distressed by the number of babies brought to the steps of Notre Dame in Paris-established a home for foundlings-others followed his example-and increasingly mothers would give their baby to a foundling home instead of abandoning them
- Midwife
- women who helped women deliver their babies and provided advice on child care-delivered the overwhelming majority of babies-typically an older, often widowed woman of modest social origins and long professional experience-treated female problems also
- John Wesley
- mother is Susannah Wesley-founder of Methodism-according to her the first task of a parent toward her children was to conquer the will and bring them to an obedient temper-he served as the catalyst for popular religious revival in England-came from a long line of ministers-went to Oxford-mapped a scheme of religion-organized Holy Club while teaching at Oxford (Methodists)
- Federalists
- solemnly promised to spell out basic freedoms as soon as new Constitution was adopted
- "poor people's food"
- vegetables-peas, beans, field crops, cabbages, carrots, wild greens
- Pietism
- 1-called for a warm, emotional religion that everyone could experience; key concept was enthusiasm; 2-reasserted the earlier radical stress on the priesthood of all believers, thereby reducing the large gulf between the official clergy and the Lutheran laity; 3-believed in the practical power of Christian rebirth in everyday affairs
- Nuclear family
- couples establish their own households and raise their children apart from their parents-European society
- U.S. Bill of Rights
- formed by amendments to Constitution-to safeguard individual-trial by jury, due process of law, right to assemble, freedom from unreasonable search, freedoms of speech, press, and religion-origins from British Bill of Rights, natural-law theory, and American experience