Chapter 7
Terms
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- republic
- Form of government in which voters elec officials to run the state.
- martyrs
- Persons put to death for their beliefs.
- Constantine
- An emperor who supported Christianity and created a new capital city called Constantinople.
- dictator
- Absolute ruler.
- Punic Wars
- Three costly conflicts between Romans and Carthaginians and overseas expansion.
- Vandals
- One of a group of Germanic tribes who invaded and destroyed territory in the Roman empire.
- tribunes
- Officials elected by Rome's popular assemblies.
- Horace
- A poet that wrote of human emotions in odes, satires, and epistles.
- Hannibal
- Great general that assembled a huge Carthaginian army that included foot soldiers, horse soldiers, and elephants.
- checks and balances
- System of government that prevents any one part of the government from becoming too powerful.
- Tacitus
- Wrote the Annals, a history of Rome under the Julio-Claudian emperors.
- Attila
- Lead the Huns and launched an attack on Gaul.
- Ptolemy
- Developd a system of geogrphy and astronomy based on the belief that the sun, the planets, and the stars revolved around the earth.
- Goths
- One of a group Germanic tribes who flooded into the Roman Empire and later revolted, weakening the empire.
- patriarchs
- Bishops of the administrative centers for the church in the last years of the Roman Empire.
- consuls
- Cheif executives elected to run the government in ancient Rome.
- Virgil
- A poet who wrote the Aeneid which tells the story of Aeneas, the prince of Troy.
- veto
- Refuse to approve, as in a bill or law.
- equites
- Class of business people and landowners in ancient Rome who had wealth and power.
- plebeians
- Farmers and workers who made up most of the Roman population.
- patricians
- Powerful landowners who controlled Roman government and society.
- Galen
- A physician who wrote several volumes that summarized al the medical knowledge of his day.
- censors
- Roman officials who registered citizens according to their wealth.
- Scipio
- Defeated Hannibal and his army at the battle of Zama near Carthage.
- Huns
- Nomadic people from Asia who attacked the Roman Empire.
- Plutarch
- Wrote Parallel Lives, a collection of Greek and Roman biographies.
- Diocletian
- A general in the Roman army that was made emperor and appointed a co-emperor and two assistants.
- Ovid
- Wrote love lyrics and the Metamorphoses, a collection of myths written in verse.
- Spartacus
- A slave that led a massive revolt that more than 70,000 slaves took part in.
- praetors
- Elected Roman officials who helped the consuls.