APES Ch. 11
Study Sheet #11
Terms
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- marine biodiversity
- Rapidly growing coastal development along with increased sedimentation of coastal waters makes protecting _____ diffecult.
- Japan
- Country that buys majority of timber produced in Brazil.
- ecological restoration
- Reversing environmental damage.
- Biodiversity
- _____ is a natural range of plant and animal life and is greatly affected by the human population.
- intrinsic value
- The value that a thing has "in itself" or "for its own sake"
- tree plantation tree farm
- A tract of land with similar-aged trees of one species for the specific purposeof clear cutting is referred to as a _____ or _____.
- fuelwood
- What is the most common use of trees?
- Tropical forests
- _____ house a diverse array of species but are being cleared and degraded at an alarming rate.
- 5
- _____% of the world's people belong to indigenous cultures.
- gums
- The _____ of forest trees are used for adhesives, drugs, and perfumes.
- 350
- There are about _____ established biosphere reserves.
- deforestation
- Decreased soil fertility, premature extinction of species, as well ass acceleration of flooding are all ramifications of _____.
- water diversion
- Everglades Nat'l. Park has 20 yr. restoration plan b/c of loss of majority of vertebrate wildlife due to _____.
- elm
- Because of new genetic ability to withstand a fungus, the _____ tree may become most popular in US.
- restoration
- process of revitalization of degrade habitat or ecosystem to natural state.
- long
- For high quality wood, forest managers would use a _____ rotation cycle.
- deforestation
- _____ affects agriculture, water supplies, and biodiversity.
- selective
- _____ cutting maintains an uneven-aged stand of trees of different species, ages, and sizes.
- human exploitation
- Legally declaring a track of land as a wilderness is one way to protect it from _____.
- multiple
- National resource lands are managed on a _____ use basis.
- economic
- Mining, recreation, lumber, and fuelwood are reflectice of the _____ services of forests.
- crown
- _____ fires kill more trees than surface fires.
- periodically
- Fire in a forest may occur _____ without the interference of humans.
- even-aged
- _____management is sometimes called "grow and slash" management.
- 150
- Mature forests less that _____ years old typically contain some, but not all, of the old-growth characteristics.
- clear
- _____ cutting can be useful for some full-sun requiring species.
- greenhouse effect
- Deforestation contributes to the _____ by destroying plants that use carbon dioxide.
- park visitors
- Biggest problem for U.S. national and state parks: increased number of _____.
- artificial ecosystem
- The creation of an artificial wetland is an example of creating an _____.
- fuelwood crisis
- The _____ in developing countries is associated with deforestation, soil erosion, and burden on poor women.
- replacement forest
- A productive pasture or truck farm replacing a degraded forest is an example of _____.
- minerals
- Fire in forests helps release _____ locked up inside organisms.
- sagebrush rebellion
- The ____ has sought tu reduce federal ownership of lands.
- slowed
- For Madagascar's conservation plans to succeed, population growth will have to be ____.
- clear cutting
- _____ on a large scale leads to loss of biodiversity, habitat fragmentation, flooding, and erosion and water pollution.
- uneven-aged
- _____ management involves maintaining a cariety of tree species in a stand comprised of various ages and sizes to foster natural regeneration.
- tropical rain forests
- People who wear natural latex gloves can thank _____.
- one half
- Since the Agricultural Revolution, human activity has reduced Earth's forests by about ______.
- old-growth
- Uncut forests or regenerated forests that have not been significantly impacted by humans or naturaldisasters are known as _____ forests.
- cropland
- FOREST PLANTATIONS: classified as _____ rather than forestland.
- deforestation
- Conversion of forests and woodlands to agricultural land contributes to the growing problem of _____.
- moderately restricted
- National wildlife refuges are manages as _____ use land.
- human population
- Climate change and loss of biodiversity are indirect effects of _____.
- surface
- _____ fires may be prescribed to reduce the chance of serious fires.
- 1920
- Even is you were to include tree plantations, forest in the US are significantly smaller than the were in _____.
- clear
- ____ cutting reduces biodiversity, makes trees bordering the area more vulnerable to being blown over, and increase size of a harvest.
- tropical frogs
- _____ provide antibiotics, painkiller, and growth hormone useful in cancer detention.
- Consumer information
- _____ is the application of labeling sustainable harvested fish and publicizing over fished and threatened species.
- population
- The US National Park service has identified _____ as the largest factor in conservation of national parkland.
- Alaska
- About three-quarters of federally managed lands are in _____.
- 2000
- In _____, the forest service announced it would no longer be building logging roads in national forests.
- even-aged
- _____ management offers maximum return in a short time period.
- even-aged
- _____ management was accelerated in the 1960s and 1970s.
- job losses
- _____ in the timber industry in the NW US have resulted from export of raw logs overseas, timber imports from Canada, and automation.
- old-growth
- An _____ forest contains large trees, young saplings, ferns and orchids as well as amoebas, worms, beetles, and possums.