Ch 17
Terms
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- counterconditioning
- a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning
- biomedical therapy
- prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system
- psychosurgery
- surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
- psychoanalysis
- Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique; Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences-and the therapist's interpretations of them-released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
- resistance
- in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
- aversive conditioning
- a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
- client-centered therapy
- a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate client's growth
- meta-analysis
- a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
- active listening
- empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
- cognitive therapy
- therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
- eclectic approach
- an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
- the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
- lobotomy
- a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients; the procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
- token economy
- an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
- behavior therapy
- therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
- electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
- regression toward the mean
- the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average
- tardive dyskinesia
- involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors
- transference
- in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships
- family therapy
- therapy that treats the family as a system; views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members towards positive relationships and improved communication
- cognitive-behavior therapy
- a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
- virtual reality exposure therapy
- an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
- psychotherapy
- an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties
- psychopharmacology
- the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
- systematic desensitization
- a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli; commonly used to treat phobias
- exposure therapies
- behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid
- interpretation
- in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight