Roman Empire Chapter 7
Terms
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- checks and balances
- system of gov. that prevents any 1 part of the gov. from becoming too powerful
- Scipio
- a Roman general in the 2nd Punic war
- the Gracchi
- 2 brothers, Tiberus & Gaius Gracchus, who saw the need for reform in the Roman Republic
- dictator
- absolute ruler
- Hannibal
- 1 of the greatest generals of all time, assembled a huge Carthaginian army
- praetors
- elected Roman officials who helped the consuls
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla
- elected consul in 88BC; after term he wanted to take a military command that promised to gain him great fame and fortune
- aqueducts
- bridges-like structures that carry water from the mountains
- Cleopatra
- a daughter of the ruling Ptolemy family; on the throne as a Roman ally
- patricians
- were powerful landowners who controlled Roman gov. & society
- Spartacus
- slave that led the brutal revolt and died in battle
- Galen
- a physician that wrote volumes to summarize all the medical knowledge of his day and the greatest authority on medicine in Rome
- gladiators
- trained fighters, usually slaves, who fought in the arena as entertainment
- Punic Wars
- 3 costly conflicts between Romans & Carthaginians over control of the Mediterranean and overseas expansion
- Five Good Emperors
- 5 rulers who led Rome for almost 100 yrs. during the Pax Romana
- republic
- form of gov. in which voters elect officials to run the state
- veto
- refuse to approve, as in a bill/law; Latin for 'I forbid'
- Julio-Claudian Emperors
- relatives of Caesar who ruled for 45 years of the Pax Romana following the death of Augusta
- censors
- Roman officials who registered citizens according to their wealth
- consuls
- chief executives elected to run the gov. in ancient Rome
- equites
- class of business people & landowners in ancient Rome who had wealth & power
- triumvirate
- —'rule of 3'—
- Marc Antony
- a general and an ally of Caesar's drove out the conspirators & took control in Rome
- tribunes
- officials elected by Rome's popular assemblies and had some power over actions by the Senate and other public officials (10 elected)
- Gaius Marius
- a Roman general who was elected consul in 107BC; created an army of volunteers who were well awarded with money, newly conquered land, & war loot
- plebeians
- were farmers & workers who made up most of the Roman population and had fewer rights
- Augustus (Octavian)
- —'revered one' a.k.a. Augustus Caesar
- Gnaeus Pomey
- one of the most popular generals