Chapter 7
Terms
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- Constantine
- supported Christianity throughout the Empire
- Marc Antony
- a general and ally of Caesar's who drove out conspirators took control.
- aqueducts
- Bridge-like stone structures that carry water from the hills
- martyrs
- Christians who were put to death for their beliefs
- Lucius Cornelius Sulla
- elected consul then ruled as a dictator.
- Horace
- poet who wrote of human emotions in odes, satires, and epistles
- Ovid
- poet who wrote love lyrics and the Metamorphoses
- rabbis
- religious scholars of Judaism
- Ptolemy
- a scientist and scholar from the great egyptian city of Alexandria who developed a system of astronomy and geography-the Ptolemaic system
- Pax Romana
- 200 year period of peace in Rome.
- Jesus
- the Son of God who was crucified and died on the cross to save all people from sin
- Punic Wars
- 3 conflicts between Rome and Carthage over control of the Mediterranean and oversea expansion
- dictator
- absolute ruler who had power over army and courts could rule for up to 6 months
- pope
- "father" in Latin; patriarch of Rome who claimed to be supreme over all the other patriarchs
- Cleopatra
- daughter of the ruling Ptolemy family, put on the throne as a Roman ally by Caesar
- praetors
- to help the consuls by commanding armies
- tribunes
- 10 officials who had some power over actions made by the Senate and other public officials.
- Augustus
- lead army to declare war on Mark Antony
- the Gracchi
- Two brothers, Tiberius and Gaius.
- Scipio
- Roman General.
- Julio-Claudian Emperors
- relatives of Caesar that rules the empire for the 54 years after Augustus
- Patricians
- powerful land owners who controlled the government
- Goths
- Germanic tribe made up of the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths who threatened invasion to the empire
- veto
- refuse to approve
- bishops
- headed church in each city
- Virgil
- greatest of Roman poets, wrote the epic poem the Aeniad
- triumvirate
- a group of three men responsible for public administration or civil authority
- Five Good Emperors
- five rulers who led Rome for almost 100 years during the Pax Romana
- censors
- registered citizens according to their wealth, appointed candidates to the senate
- inflation
- a rise in prices caused by a decrease in the value of money
- checks and balances
- prevents any one part of the government from becoming too powerful
- Huns
- Germanic tribe called Franks who threatened invasion to the empire
- Vandals
- Germanic tribe called Franks who threatened invasion to the empire
- Spartacus
- led a slave revolt in which more than 70,000 slaves took part in.
- patriarchs
- bishops of the administrative centers for the church in the last years of the Roman Empire
- consuls
- ran the government, commanded the army, and could appoint dictators (served one-year terms)
- Diocletian
- emperor whose efforts slowed the Roman empires decline;he appointed co-emperor and two assistants because size was too big.
- gladiators
- trained fighters,usually slaves, who fought in areas as entertainment
- Galen
- physician who wrote several volumes that summarized medical knowledge
- euquites
- a class of business and landowner people.
- Attila
- leader of the huns
- Julius Cesar
- Marius' nephew whom became a popular general
- Tacitus
- great Roman historian who wrote Annals
- republic
- a form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state
- Gnaeus Pompey
- joined Julius Caesar and Licinius Crassus (formed the first Triumvirate)
- Plutarch
- a Greek who wrote Parallel Lives ( a collection of Greek and Roman biographies)
- Gaius Marius
- roman general who was elected consul who brought major changes to the roman political scene
- Plebeians
- made up most of the population (farmers and workers)
- Hannibal
- One of the greatest generals who led Carthage.