THE PRESIDENCY 2
Terms
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- HEAD OF GOVERNMENT
- the political role of the president as leader of a political party and chief arbiter of who gets what resources.
- HEAD OF STATE
- the apolitical, unifying role of th e president as symbolic representative of the whole country.
- CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR
- the president's executive role as the head of federal agencies and the person responsible for the implementation of national policy.
- CABINET
- a presidential advisory group selected by the president and made up of the vice president, the heads of the fourteen federal executive departments, and other high officials to whom the president elects to give cabinet status.
- COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF
- the president's role as the top officer of the country's military establishment.
- CHIEF FOREIGN POLICY MAKER
- the president's executive role as the primary shaper of relations with other nations.
- TREATIES
- formal agreements with other countries; negotiated by the president and requiring two-thirds Senate approval.
- EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT
- a presidential arrangement with another country that creates foreign policy without the need for Senate approval.
- STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS
- a speech given annually by the president to a joint session of Congress and to the nation announcing the president's agenda.
- PRESIDENTIAL VETO
- a president's authority to reject a bill passed by Congress; may be overridden only by a two-thirds majority in both houses.
- EXECUTIVE ORDER
- a clarification of congressional policy issued by the president and having the full force of law.
- SENATORIAL COURTESY
- the tradition of granting senior senators of the president's party considerable power over federal judicial appointments in their home states.
- SOLICITOR GENERAL
- the Justice Department officer who argues the government's cases before the Supreme Court.
- PARDONING POWER
- the president's authority to release or excuse a person form the legal penalties of a crime.
- INHERENT POWERS
- presidential powers implied but not explicitly stated in the Constitution.
- POWER TO PERSUADE
- a president's ability to convince Congress, other political actors, and the public to cooperate with the administration's agenda.
- GOING PUBLIC
- a president's strategy of appealing to the public on an issue, expecting that public pressure will be brought to bear on other political actors.
- CYCLE EFFECT
- the predictable rise and fall of a president's popularity at different stages of a term in office.
- HONEYMOON PERIOD
- the time following an election when a president's popularity is high and congressional relations are likely to be productive.
- LEGISLATIVE LIAISON
- executive personnel who work with members of Congress to secure their support in getting a president's legislation passed.
- DIVIDED GOVERNMENT
- political rule split between two parties, one controlling the White House and the other controlling one or both houses of Congress.
- EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
- collection of nine organizations that help the president with his policy and political objectives.
- OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
- organization within the Executive Office of the President that oversees the budget of departments and agencies.
- COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
- organization within the Executive Office of the President that advises the president on economic matters.
- NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
- organization within the Executive Office of the President that provides foreign policy advice to the president.
- WHITE HOUSE OFFICE
- the approximately five hundred employees within the Executive Office of the President who work most closely and directly with the president.
- CHIEF OF STAFF
- the person who oversees the operations of all White House staff and controls access to the president.