SOC 268 Final
Terms
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- Social Control
- the regulation of human behavior in any social group
- Ideological social control
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the regulation of human behavior by controlling ideas
Agents:
-Family
-Education
-Religion
-Media
-Sport
-Government - Direct Social Control
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the regulation of members of a group by controlling behavior
Agents:
-Welfare
-Science & Medicine
-Government - Three Processes of Social Control in Social Life
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1. Internalizing Norms: we incorporate into our personalities standards of behavior
2. Structuring of Social Experience: institutions shape our experiences
3. The Use of Social Sanctions: we conform to avoid punishment - Genocide
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The deliberate and systematic extermination of an ethnic or national group
Five Categories of activity:
1. Killing members of the group
2. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group
3. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part
4. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group
5. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group - Victim Discounting
- society's tendency to view crimes as less socially significant if the victim is viewed as less worthy
- Differential justice
- whites dealt with more leniently in the criminal justice system
- Racial Profiling
- a form of racism involving police focus on people of certain racial groups when seeking suspected criminals
- Culture
-
systems of meaning which include knowledge, beliefs, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities acquired by members of society
2 types: Material & Immaterial
STINVR:
-Symbols
-Technology
-Ideologies
-Norms
-Values
-Roles - Material culture
- tools, technology, etc
- Immaterial culture
- values, beliefs, norms, religions, etc
- Worldview
- the overall perspective from which one sees and interprets the world
- Media contributes to:
-
-cultural diffusion
-framing
-agenda setting - Cultural Diffusion
- spreading aspects of culture from one society to another
- Framing
- the focus, paramater, or boundary for discussing a particular event
- Agenda Setting
- filtering out large amounts of information in the media while permitting only a few items to reach the audience
- Social Change
- alterations in the patterns of culture, structure, and social behavior over time
- Sources of Social Change
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-physical environment
-population
-clashes over resources & values
-supporting values & norms
-innovation
-diffusion
-mass media - Social movements
- sustained, organized efforts on the part of a relatively large number of people to bring about or resist change
- Ideology
-
a set of cultural values, beliefs, and attitudes that motivate and justify the maintenance of the social order or movements to change it
Provides:
-purpose for people to come together
-rationale
-definition of the problem
-unity through a cause - Typologies of Social Movements
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-Transformative
-Reform
-Redemptive/expressive
-Revolutionary - Transformative Movement
- seek a change in the total order as well as the individuals in the order
- Reform Movement
- intended to bring about partial change in the social order
- Redemptive/Expressive Movement
- efforts to bring about total change in the individuals in a movement
- Revolutionary Movement
- pursue objectives that aim to change society through challenging fundamental values
- Theories of Social Movements
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The Value-Added Model
Resource Mobilization Theory
Frame Alignment Theory - Collective Behavior
- spontaneous, unstructured ways of thinking, feeling,and acting that develop among a large number of people
- The Value-Added Model
- based on an economic theory that states, "each step in production increases the economic value of manufactured goods"; developed by Neil J. Smelser
- Preconditions for Collective Behavior
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1. Structural conduciveness
2. Structural strain
3. Growth and spread of a generalized belief
4. Precipitating factors
5. Mobilization of participants for social action
6. Operation of social control - Resource Mobilization Theory
- social movements are rational responses to social conditions intended to bring about social change
- Frame
- a structure of interpretation that allows individuals to understand their own experience in the context of the larger world around them
- Frame alignment
- the connection between the interests, values, and beliefs of individuals and the goals, activities, and ideologies of a social movement
- Four Processes in Frame Alignment
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1. Frame bridging: get sympathetic people to join your movement
2. Frame amplification: getting people to understand why your frame is relevant to them
3. Frame extension: stepping outside of original goals and extending them to draw people into your movement
4. Frame transformation: getting rid of some of the original goals, adding new goals, and transforming into a new movement - The Life Course of a Social Movement
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1. Emergence: people express their dissatisfaction with existing conditions and the sentiment is shared by others
2. Coalescence: building the movement
3. Institutionalization: movement develops a formal organizational structure
4. Decline: usually occurs after success