8thgrade-minisink-social studies-chptr20 sec 1

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In 1886 the railroads in the south decided they wanted to connect with the north. Once this was done, the railroads formed a ___________(system of conneced lines: network
as companies grew many companies began to ______________.: consolidate (join together)
To win or keep business, big railroads secretly offered _________________ to their largest customers.: rebate (also known as a discount)
railroad business men tried to end competition (competitive prices). To end this they formed a_______ of companies.: pool ( several companies got together)
These companies in the pool were all in a particular area. They agreed to _______ ____ ________ ________ ________ ________and ___ ______ _____ ______: divide their customers(business) evenly between them

set one price but it would be high.
true or false the importance of railroads became clear during the civil war: .
true or false Cornelius Vanderbilt, the most powerful railroad baron, headed the drive for consolidation: .true He bought many railroads and consolidated them. His trains linked new york city to the great lakes
the last major cross-country railroad line was the new york central, which was finished in 1893.: false
true or false competition to win railroad customers was especially firce in the West: .
true or false small farmers in the south and west were angered because the railroad barons' use of rebates and pools kept shipping prices low.: false the use of rebates and pools actually made shipping rates high for farmers. rebates were only given to big companies and pools only benefited the bigger companies.
true or false government regulation did not end unfair railroad pricing because railroad barons paid large bribes to keep officials from enforcing the laws. bribes- payments to people in order to act dishonestly: true
true or false more than any other development, the American railroad made possible the rapid growth of INDUSTRY after 1865.: true
What was the last the name of the last transcontinental railroad built.: Great Northern Railway
WHO BUILT THE LAST TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILWAY: james hill
How did the railroad boom affect small factories?: It fueled the growth of industry
how did railroads fuel economy and industry: railroads needed rails(tracks) this created more jobs
what kind of jobs were created: steelworkers- turned iron into steel to make tracks for railroads

lumberjacks- cut down forests to supply wood

miners- mined for coal to fuel the railroad engines
Why was it less risky to be a stockholder instead of an owner of a private business?: When a private business goes out of business the owners has to pay the debts.

Stockholders own stocks in corporations.
When a corporation goes out of business the stockholder does not have to pay the corporation's debt.
who was the most powerful banker of the late 1800's: J. PIERMONT MORGAN
What role did banks play in the growth of industry?: Corporations borrowed millions of dollars from banks. this helped industry grow and at the same time the banks made large profits.
HOW DID RAILROADS REDUCE COMPETITION.: THEY FORMED POOLS

SEVERAL RAILROAD COMPANIES POOLED TOGETHER AND AGREED TO DIVIDE UP BUSINESS IN AN AREA. THEY ALL AGREED TO FIX THEIR PRICES AT A HIGH LEVEL
HOW DID JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER GET RID OF COMPETITION IN THE OIL INDUSTRY.: HE USED THE MONEY HE MADE FROM HIS REFINERY AND BOUGHT ALL THE OTHER REFINERIES. HE NOW OWNED ALL THE REFINERIES AND THEY WERE CALLED STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF OHIO.
WHAT IS PRICE COMPETITION?: WHEN THE OIL COMPANIES WERE IN COMPETITION ONE COMPANY WOULD TRY AND REDUCE THEIR PRICE TO GET MORE CUSTOMERS.
WHAT ELSE DID ROCKEFELLER DO TO GET RID OF OTHER COMPANIES THAT TRIED TO COMPETE WITH HIM.: HE LOWERED HIS PRICES AND TOOK BUSINESS AWAY FROM THE OTHER COMPANIES. THIS WOULD PUT OTHER COMPAnies out of business.
Who was the person who completed the laying of the underwater transatlantic telegraph cable.: cyrus field
What did this underwater cable do.: It helped to bring Europe and the United States together
who was the inventor of the telephone: Alexander Graham Bell
Who invented the light bulb, the phonograph and hundreds of other devices: Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was also known as: Wizard of Menlo Park
What is a method of production in which workers add parts to a product as it moves past them: Assembly line
Who invented the assembly line: Henry Ford
What is a group of corporations run by a single board of directors: a trust
That means that single board of directors has control of many corporations: .
The Standard oil Co. created a monopoly. what does that mean?: the standard oil co trust owned or controlled all the business of the oil industry.
what is a monopoly?: when a trust owns or controls most or all of the business of a particular industry.
The government had to control giant corporations also known as monopolies. what did it do?: congress passedthe Sherman ANtitrust Act which banned the formation of trusts and monopolies.
When Henry Ford Started the assembly line large quantities of a product were made quickly and cheaply. This production was called.: mass production
the invention of the _________ in 1868 changed office work: typewriter
in 1888 _________introduced the lightweight Kodak camera: George Eastman
Who introduced refrigeration to the meat industry: Gustavus Swift
Who invented a machine that could perform almost all the steps in shoemaking: Jan Matzeliger
Who tested a flying machine at kitty hawk, north carolina: the wright brothers
The ________ speeded up the pace of business even more than the telegraph had.: telephone
____________ invented the automatic engine-oiling machine: Elijah McCoy
labor union formed in 1869: knights of labor
president of the knights of labor elected in 1879: terence powderly
during a strike at the mccormick co. strikebreakers and striker broke out in a clas. Four people were killed by police. The next day there was a protest against the killings what was the name of this protest: Haymarket Riot
what is a strikebreaker: someone hired to work in the place of the person striking
a court order to do or not to do something: injunction
union organized by garment workers in 1900: international ladies garment workers
a union formed by Samuel Gompers in 1886: afl
what were some of the hazards of working in a factory in the late 1800's: fire, heat, cold
when workers organized or banded together to win better working conditions this was called a _______: union
Where was the oil first discovered: in 1859 in pennsylvania
Who started the first auto plant with an assembly line: Henry Ford - he was the one who invented the assembly line

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Number of cards 55