Neurotoxin Flash Cards (Steffensen)
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- Apamin
-
Honey bee
-blocks Ca-dependent K channels - Botulinum toxin
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Clostridium botulinum
-blocks Ach release
-heavy chain allows entry into presynaptic terminal.
-light chain is toxin-part that cleaves SNAP-25.
-reversible dennervation
-if ingested: dilated fixed pupils - Latrotoxin
-
Black widow
-enhances Ach release - Cobrotoxin
-
Cobra
-blocks Ach (nicotinic) receptors - alpha-bungarotoxin
-
Krait (snake) venom
-blocks Ach (nicotinic) receptors - Capsaisin
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Cayenne pepper
-decreases substance P - Domoic acid
-
Blue mussel (Canada)
-Glutamate/kainate receptor agonist
-"Amnestic shellfish poisoning"
-Seizures - Methylazoxymethanol (MMA) toxin
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Cycad plant
-damages neuronal DNA and modulates tau mRNA expression and excitotoxicity. Seen in "ALS-Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex of Guam" - Ciguatoxin
-
Dinoflagellate
-opens Na (and Ca) channels
-Large fish in Florida/Hawaii - Brevotoxin
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Red Tide dinoflagellate
-opens Na channels
-shellfish in Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean - Saxitoxin
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Dinoflagellate
-blocks VG-Na channels (reversibly)
-"Paralytic shellfish poisoning"
-bivalve mollusks in NE/NW USA - Tetrodotoxin (TTX)
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Pufferfish (Japan)
-blocks VG-Na channels (reversibly) - Histamine toxin
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Scombroid
-fish rich in dark meat - Okadaic acid
-
Shellfish
-inhibition of phosphorylase phosphatase
-"Diarrheal shellfish poisoning"