history final (ancient Greeks)
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- What were Greek comidies?
- funny plays
- What was the main city in Crete?
- Knossos
- In which area did Odysseus wander?
- the Aegean Sea
- what was Delos?
- an island- was the birthplace for Apollo
- Which group of Athenians enjoyed the most leisure time?
- citizens
- Before the Dark Age, by what system of goverment were the people in the Greek City-States ruled?
- kings, a monarchy0 a system of goverment in which a king rules over a group of people
- why did Greeks build such a strong army?
- their slave population was larger than the population of Spartan citizens so they had to have an army to keep thing under control
- how did alexander spread Greek civilization in conquered lands?
- built cities modled after greek cities
- What was olimpia?
- a sanctuary for Zeus, a level plain
- Which poey wrote epic poems in the 700s about the early greeks and Mycenaeans?
- Homer
- Why did Darius want to punish the Athenians after 499 B.C?
- for aiding a rebellion of Greek city-states
- What was the goal of alexander the great?
- to conqure the world
- Who formed the Spartan Land?
- helots- state slaves assigned to a particular plot of land
- What did Athenians develop between 700-400 B.C
- a new form of goverment
- how were citizens of Athens assured a voice in their goverment?
- A COUNCIL OF 500- chose at randome every year, AN ASSEMBLY-of all the citizens of Athens met every nine days to vote on the laws, IN THE LAW COURTS- citizens surved as jurors
- What was the battle of Thermopylae?
- a battle of Persians and Greeks- Pesians won
- why did Perisa give Sparta funds?
- they hoped the Greek city0states would destroy each other
- into what did king philip, alexander's father, turn macedonia in 359 B.C?
- a military power
- Why did the Greeks trade for grain?
- because less than 1/4 of the land was level enough to grow grain
- What was Antigone about?
- a king who ordered the death of the women his son loved
- what was Eleusis?
- site of a sanctuary for Demeter
- What developed on the island of Crete between 3000 B.C and 1100 B.C?
- the major civilization rise the roots of the Greek civilisation
- how did the tryants play an important part in the development of democracy?
- they taught citizens that by uniting behing a leader they could gain power to make changes
- Why did many people support the tryants?
- the leaders promised to reform the laws and to aid the poor
- What did the geography of Greece help to shape?
- its economy and history
- Wha was Mycenae>?
- the biggest city settling of the mainland of Greece/ a city built on a high top
- what deveveloped on the Aegean between 2000 B>c and 100 B.C?
- a civilization that grew to control the ancient world
- What was the dark age?
- the period of decline for Greece-- no trade or written languges
- what happened at the trial of Socrates?
- he stood before 700 Athenean citizens and pledged his case- he was convicted by dury
- How did the Spartans have less of a sat in goverment than the people of Athens?
- citizens could not pepose laws- only senaters could do that
- How did they trade after 570 B.C?
- with silver coins
- what did people from?
- closly knit communities
- What flourished during the Age of Expanitoion?
- Greek City-States- each has a name- people in Greece identifie themselve as from their city-state
- What led to the rise of new leaders called tyrants?
- the dis-content of leaders of the oligarchies
- Who did most of the work?
- the non-citizens
- how were these institutions different after 500 B.C?
- they were opened to people that adminestrated fairly
- Three facts about training "Athenean" children
- 1) valued cultural educations as well as phisical education 2) wealthy boys begun school at age 7- lived at home 3)learned reading, writing, arithmetic, poetry, music, and dance
- From which empire did the greatest foreign challenge to the Greek city-states come in the 490s B.C?
- the persian empire
- In what ways were the Minoan palaces quite advanced?
- underground plumbing & piped running water to luxurious bathing rooms
- In which battle did the Greeks sink about half of the Persian fleet and force Xerxes to retreat to Perisa?
- Battle of Salamis
- What did Thucydides write about the plague of 430 B.C?
- how bad it was
- By the End of the Dark Age, the Greek people were ruled by an oligarchy, or goverment controlled by...
- a few pople that hold power over a larger group
- describe life of METICS/SLAVES/MINING SLAVES
- METICS- registered w/ goerment, paid monthly tax, couldn;t own property, SLAVES- had no legal rights- wealthy landowners- had sveral slaves, MINING SLAVES- owed by the state/worked in mines/ worst lives in athens
- Why did the war often seem at a deadlock?
- neither side seemed to be wining
- According to Herodotus, what happened to the Athenians when they established their democracy?
- "the became the first of all"
- What did most people do for a living in Greece?
- farm
- what happened at Aegospotami in 405 B.C?
- the Spartans captured the Athenian fleet
- What did Philip establish to protect his country?
- a professioal army
- List two crops commonly grown in Greece:
- grapes and olives
- into what did the cities of the Dark Ages develope?
- into city-states- independent, self governing units
- how did Athenians pay for goverment projects?
- wealthy citizens contributed money
- What is a "spartan" lifestyle?
- a simple lifestyle without luxuries
- Why did Pericles call all the outlying cirizens to the city?
- spartans invaded athen's countryside
- how did athens contribute to the begining of the Pelopennesian war?
- they forced the city-states to remain in the leage and wanted to control the trade routes
- Describe the three goals of Pericles:
- 1)to protect athens from its emimes 2)make athens the moat beautiful city in the world 3) make democrocy stronger by spreding power between the rich and the poor
- Descrobe the social classes that lived in athens (3)
- THE CITIZENS- men older than 18, could only become a citizen if father citizen, later could only become a citizen if mother's father and your father were citizen, THE METICS- 35,000, were traders, shopkeepers, craftsmen, or money lender- could not vote or hold public office, THE SLAVES- captured during forigen wars, could not vote, hold office, or chose jobs
- why did alexander's empire fall apart after his death in 323 B.C?
- his genrals split the empire
- Where did the Greeks get their grain?
- Sicily, Black Sea, Egypt
- Three facts about "training Spartan children"
- 1) boys left home at age of 7 to live in Barracks 2) training emphisiesed phisical skills 3) conditions in school harsh, disipled, strickt
- What was Delphi?
- a sanctuary for Apollo- sacred, an oracle lived there
- What did the Xenophon record about the terms of athenian surreneder after 27 years of fighting?
- that the soilders were laying somewhere thinking of the evils that thy were about to suffer
- The influence of the ancient Greeks can be seen throughout the United States. Describe the in fluence of the Greeks in liturature, art, history, and scince
- LIT- they made poems. stories, and plays- ART- they made sculptiors (made the body look flawless) HISTORY- the greeks were the first to write down things and keep them in written records, SICENCE- made descoveries abnput astronomy and other sciences stuff
- Why was the time of Pericles considered a "Golden Ages" in Athens?
- because he led athens threough a glorious age
- What developed in Athens around 510 B.C?
- they established a democracy
- What came to an end in 750 B.C?
- the dark age
- how did tryants gain power?
- by force
- The first Greek Plays were sad stories in which the hero was brought to ruin by a flaw in his caracter. What were these kind of plays called?
- a tradgedy
- Onwhich peninsula did many people settle?
- Peloponnesus- southern part
- From what did the Myceneans borrow their art styles, pottery designs, and writing system?
- Minoans of Crete
- how did Athenians trade untill the 500s B.C?
- through barter
- What do all goverments start out as?
- monarchys
- What had happened to the population during that time?
- the population re-grew- it increased
- what was the meusem at alexandria?
- a place were people met to discuss things
- What connected the Greeks? Why?
- the sea- no point on land was more than 40 miles from the sea