Chapter Fifteen
Terms
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- Brook Farm
- corporation of intellectuals committed to the philosophy of transcendentalism.
- James Russell Lowell
- political satirist who wrote "Biglow Papers" about the Mexican War.
- Nathaniel Hawthorne
- grew up in Puritan atmosphere author of the "Scarlett Letter"
- Daguerreotype
- crude photography.
- Charles Wilson Peale
- painter from Maryland painted some sixty portraits of Washington.
- American Temperance Society
- formed in Boston made efforts to fix the problem of alcoholism in the country.
- William H. Prescott
- historian that published accounts of the conquest of Mexico.
- Knickerbocker group
- group of authors in New York who established American Literature.
- Peter Cartwright
- best known Methodist called sinners to repent.
- Deists
- rejected concept of original sin and christ's divinity but they did believ in a supreme being
- John Trumbull
- Revolutionary war veteran recaptured its scenes in his paintings.
- Emma Willard
- Established Troy Female Seminary in Ohio.
- Maine Law of 1851
- "the law of Heaven Americanized" prohibited manufacture and sale of liquor.
- Louis Agassiz
- French Swiss Immigrant served 25 years at Harvard insisted on original research and deplored emphasis on memory work.
- William Cullen Bryant
- Puritan author wrote "thanatopsis" one of the first high quality poems produced in America.
- Lyceum lecture association
- educational programs that provided platforms for speakers in such areas as science literature, and moral philosophy.
- Unitarian faith
- belief that God existed in one person and stressed the essential goodness of human nature amd salvation through good works.
- Hudson River School
- school that excelled in romantic mirrorings of landscapes.
- Charles Grandison Finney
- greatest of the revival preachers followed olt time religion but was an innovator and condemned alcoholism and slavery.
- Robert Owen
- wealthy and idealistic Scottish textile manufacturer founded in 1825 a communal society in New Harmony.
- George Bancroft
- secretary of the navy who helped found the Naval Academy in Annapolis in 1845
- American Peace Society
- founded in 1828 fought to prevent war.
- Susan B. Anthony
- militant lecturer for women rights who exposed herself to garbage and vulgar epithets.
- Herman Melville
- New Yorker went to sea as youth and served 18 months on a whaler, wrote "Moby Dick"
- Walt Whitman
- author of "Leaves of Grass" a collection of poems that were romantic emotional and unconventional.
- Lucretia Mott
- Quaker women rights activists who had attended in the convention in London condemning slavery.
- Transcendentalism
- belief that knowledge transcends the senses.
- Asa Gray
- professor at Harvard, the Colombus of American botany, who published over 350 books, monogrpahs, and papers.
- Henry David Thoreau
- transcendentalists who condemned slavery left society to live in a secldued cabin on lake Walden.
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- mother of seven who refused to say "obey" in her marriage ceremony.
- Oneida Community
- founded in New York in 1848 that practiced free love, birth control, and eugenic selection of parents.
- James Fenimore Cooper
- first American Novelists wrote "The Spy" and the "Leatherstocking Tales"
- William Gilmore Simms
- novelists whose works dealt with the southern frontier in colonial days and with the south during the revolutionary war.
- John Greenleaf Whittier
- uncrowned poet of laureate of the antislavery crusade
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- best known transcendentalist who stressed self reliance, self improvement, self confidence, optimism and freedom.
- The Second Great Awakening
- spiritual fervor tidal wave across the country increasing church membership and reform movements.
- Francis Parkman
- nearly blind historian who chronicled the struggle between France and Britain in colonial times .
- Sylvester Graham
- introduced the fad diet of wheat bread and crackers.
- Dorthea Dix
- teacher-author traveled the country damning reports on insanity and asylums from first hand observations.
- Louisa May Alcott
- grew up in Mass. around transcendentalism with a philosopher as a father.
- Seneca Falls Convention
- Woman Rights Convention in New York declared Independence to "all men and women"
- Noah Webster
- improved textbooks and made a dictionary.
- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
- one of the most popular poets, possessed knowledge of European literature and was the first to be honored with a bust in The Poets Corner of WistminsteR Abbey.
- Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes
- poet who also taught anatomy wrote "Last Leaf" om honor of the last white indian of the Boston Tea Party
- Washington Irving
- first American to win international recognition as a literary figure wrote "Rip Van Winkle' and "Sleepy Hollow"
- Brigham Young
- successor of Joseph Smith who led the Mormons to Utah.
- William H. McGuffey
- in "McGuffeys Readers" he taught lessons in morality, patriotism and idealism.
- Mary Lyon
- established Mt. Holyoke Semminary, am outstanding women's school in Mass.
- The Mormons
- a new religion that established a theocracy in the Utah area.
- Gilbert Stuart
- painter from Rhode Island produced several portraits of Washington.
- Horace Mann
- secretary of the Massachussetts Board of Education who campaigned effectively for better schools, higher pay for teachers and an expanded curriculum.
- Benjamin Stillman
- chemist and geologist who taught at Yale for over 50 years,
- Emily Dickenson
- explored universal themes of nature, love, death, and immortality through her deceptively spare and language and simple rhyme schemes.
- Edgar Allan Poe
- gifted lyric poet who reflected a morbid sensibility distinctly at odds with the usually optimistic tone of American culture.
- Joseph Smith
- received golden plates from an angel that became the Book Of Mormons.
- John Audubon
- naturalists who painted birds, had a society named after him.
- Matthew Maury
- oceanographer made observations on ocean winds and currents.