Oral Biology- 2nd Card Set
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- Define Periodontium?
- Tissues that surround the tooth and contribute to its function in the oral cavity
- Define Periodontology?
- Study of the diagnosis, treatment, maintenance, and prevention of diseases of the periodontium.
- _____ are a set of realted bacterial, plaque induced, host-mediated, enviornmental-modified, inflammatory diseases, manifesting generally chronic gingival inflammation and varying degress of periodontal attachment loss.
- Periodontal Disease
- What are the four components of the periodontium?
-
Alveolar Bone (Hard CT)
Cementum (Hard CT)
PDL (Soft CT)
Gingiva (Epithelial and CT) -
Gingiva is composed of both epithelium and CT:
Can you name the 3 types of the epithelium and 2 types of the CT that are apart of the periodontium -
Epithelium:
-Sulcus
-Oral
-Juctional
CT:
-Superfical
-Deep - Out of the 4 tissues of the Periodontium which are supporting and which are investing?
-
Supporting
-Cementum
-PDL
-Alveolar Bone
Investing
-Gingiva - Name the 4 types of Bone Cells:
-
Osteoblast
Osteoclast
Osteocyte
Pleuripotent Stem Cell - Osteoblast ____ bone, Osteoclast ____ bone, Osteocyte is a _____ cell, Pluripotent Stem cell is what?
-
Build-up Bone
Break-down Bone
Mature Bone Cell
Cell in bone that can differentiate into any type of bone cell - What are the 3 cell types of cementum?
-
Cementoblast
Cementocytes
Cementoclast (Odontoclast) - What is the main biological component of an osteoblast and cemenatoblast?
- Alkaline Phosphatase and Collagen
- What is the main biological component of osteoclast and cementoclast?
- Acid Phosphatase and H
- What is the main biological component of osteocytes?
- No Alkaline Phosphatase
- What are the 3 main cells of the PDL
-
Fibroblast
Progenitor Cells (Undifferentiated/ Differentiated Mesenchymal cells)
Residual Epithelial Cells - The PDL is fibrous has ____ and ___biological components
- Collagen and Fibronectin
- What are the two structural components of the gingiva
-
Corium
Epithelium - The Corium is fibrous and is made up of ____ cells. Its biological components are ____ and ____.
-
Fibroblast
-Collagen and Fibronectin - What are the two main histologic features of the periodontium
-
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Membrane-Coatin and Keratohyaline Granules - What is the main cell type of epithelium?
- Keratinocyte
- Name the 3 biological components of epithelium
- BM, cell-to-cell Adhesion, Keratinized outer layer
- Define alveolar bone?
-
Part of jawbone surrounding and forming the tooth sockets (called alveoli)
Part of jaw bones to which teeth are attached - What is Alveolar Bone?
- Type of Bone that has tooth sockets called alveoli where teeth are attached
- T or F: Alveolar Bone is not similar to bone.
- False
- Bone Resorbtion means,...
- Bone Destruction
- If the alveolar bone is destroyed or in the process of being destroyed then what will happen to the teeth.
- Become Mobile and Lose Function
-
Alveolar Bone Composition:
-Inorganic Mineral?
-Organic Matrix? -
Inorganic- 67%
Organic- 33% - What is the molecular formula for Hydroxyapeptite?
- Ca10(PO4)6 (OH)2
-
Alveolar Bone
Inorganic Mineral, think _____.
Organic Matrix, think _____ and ____. -
Inorganic= Crystals
Organic= Cells and Proteins - Alveolar Bone Organic Matrix is 85% (or 28% of total) ____ and 15% (or 5% of total)_____.
-
85% Type I Collagen Fibers
15% Ground Substance - As a "rule of thumb," type ___ collagen is for most dental tissues and type ____ collagen is for most cartilage tissues
-
Type I-Dental Tissues
Type II-Cartilage Tissues - This organic protein is added when doing a bone graft
- BMP (bone morphogentic protein)
-
Bone has two types of control mechanisms
-Systemic and Local
Can you explain how bones are controlled systemically and locally? -
Systemic Control- Hormones
Local- Growth Factors/Cytokines, Prostaglandins, Mechanical Forces - What is Piezoelectric-type mean?
-
Type of Mechanical Force that acts as an indirect signal to the bone
-Done in Ortho -
Bones are classified in two ways
-Gross Appearance
-Developmental Pattern
What are the 2 ways to classify bones on Gross Appearence? -
Long= Axial Skeleton
Flat= Facial (skull)+ Sternum, Scapula and Pelvis - What are the 3 ways to classify bones on developmental patterns?
-
Endochondrial Bone Formation= Long Bones
Intramembranous Bone Formaion= Flat Bones
Sutural Bone Growth= Flat Bones -
Endochondral Bone Formation=
Intermembraneous Bone Formation= -
Cartilage Template
Embryonic Membrane CT Template - Bone is formed in layers called _____.
- Lamellae
-
The peripheral surface sheets of lamellar bone are called _____.
Internal Supporting Struts of Lamellar Bone are called ___ -
Cortical Plates-AKA Compact Bone
Trabeculae- AKA Cancellous Bone/Spongy Bone - What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
- Degree of Mineralized Tissue and Soft Tissue
- Marrow Spaces are ___ if they are primarily vascular or ___ if they are primarily fatty/
-
Red= Vascular
Yellow=Fatty - Name the 3 Types of Lamellar Bone
-
Circumferential
Concentric
Interstitial -
What part of lamellar bone forms the outer perimeter that encloses the bone
-thin and avascular - Circumferential Lamellae
-
What part of lamellar bone forms the bulk of the bone
-has osteons
-thick and vascular - Concentric Lamellae
-
This part of lamellar bone is to form spaces between adjacen concentric lamellae
-residual fragments of concentric lamellae that have been remodeled - Interstitial Lamellae
- This 2-layer CT surrounds the external surface of compact bone.
- Periosteum
-
The Periosteum has 2 layers
-Outer and Inner
What can be found in both of those layers -
Outer
-Sharpy's Fibers (collagen fibers in mineralized tissue)
Inner
-Bone Cell Precursors, Bone Cells, and Rich Microvasculature - 1-layer CT that covers the inner surface of Compact Bone and ALL of Spongy Bone
- Endosteum
- What can be found in the Endosteum?
-
Cellular Layer ONLY:
-Bone Cell Pre-cursors
-Bone Cells
-Rich Microvasculature - Structural Unit of Compact Bone
- Osteon
-
General Principles of Bone
-Bone is a vascularized or non-vascularized tissue?
-Mineralization/Homeostasis of Bone REQUIRES what 3 things
-Thus the ___ is the central feature of the osteon. -
-Bone is Vascular
-Requries blood supply, bone forming cells and minerals
-Central feature of osteon is the CAPILLARY - The structure of bone allow for what?
- Molecular Diffusion
-
The single central vascular canal of the osteon is parallel to the long-axis of the tooth.
-Name the Canal
-What lines the Canal?
-What is in the Canal? -
Haversian Canal
-Lined by Endosteum
-Capillary
*NOTE: Canal is a Non-Mineralized area of Bone -
The multi-lateral vascular channels that are oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the bone:
Are called ____.
Lined by _____.
Each surrounds _____.
Interconnect _____ resulting in a rich vascular network. -
Volkman's Canals
-Lined by endosteum
-1 capillary
-Interconnect Haversian Canals>>Rich Vascular Network - Site where the osteocyte resides?
- Lacunae
-
Multiple concentric bone cell canals that surround the cell processes of the osteoctye
-Name them? - Canaliculi
- Where does the bone gets its arterial supply
-
Superior and Inferior Alveolar Arteries
*cells and extracellular components of bone are continuously turn-over - What supplies the PDL
- Lateral Arterial Braches of the Superior and Inferior Alveolar Arteries that pass through the cribiform plate
-
Venous Draniage of compact bone is achieved by ____?
Lymphatic Drainage is achieve by_____.
Nerve Supply of Compact bone is from the ____. -
Post-capilary Venules
Following Venous Drainage
Respective Branches of the 5th Cranial Nerve -
Osteoblast=
Osteocyte=
Osteoclast= -
Blast=Form Bone
Cyte=Maintain Bone (osteon)
Clast=Remove/Break-Down Bone - Osteoclast remove bone with the aid of ____ and ____ via cytokine messengers
- Macrophages; Osteoblast
- Osteocytes maintain bone with the help of ____ such as the "lining cells" of the endosteum.
- Inactive Osteoblast
- What 2 bone cells are involved in bone formation and maintanance?
-
-Osteoblast (active cells)
-Osteocyte//Lining Cells (resting cells) -
Which bone cell removes bone?
Which bone cell is responsible for bone mineralization - Osteoclast; Osteoblast
- Go through the life cycle of the osteoblast
-
Pluripotent Mesenchymal Cell
Preosteoblast Precursor Cell
Osteoblast
Osteocyte -
What is the morphology of the osteoblast?
Function?
How does the osteoblast communicate? -
Uninucleated (one nucleus)
Function: Make Osteoid
Communicates via Gap Juctions - What is "Course-fibered-Woven Bone?"
-
Embryonic Bone and Adult Repair Bone
*Not full lamellar construct - What is "Fine-fibered Lamellar Bone"
- Mature Bone
- What is Osteoid
- Non mineralized organic matrix w/ collagen and non collagen proteins
- What is the inactive function of osteoblast?
-
Maintain Homeostasis and Bone Vitality
-Can be a lining cell or a Osteocyte - What is the difference between an osteocyte and lining cell?
-
Lining cells are flat and found in endosteum
(inactive surface osteoblast)
Osteocyte are smaller and found in osteons
(inactive lamellar bone osteoblast) - An osteocyte is the resultant cell from being entrapped w/in the ___.
- Lacunae
- What is the osteocytes function
- control of mineral homeostasis and bone cell vitality
-
Osteoclast come from ________ stem cells
Type of Nucleated?
Has a "__________" to increase its surface area -
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
-Multi-nucleated
Ruffled Border (Brush Border)
-secrete H which breaks down bone - Adjacent cytoplasm to the ruffled border is called what?
-
Clear Zone
-no organelles
-contractile proteins - What is the lifecycle of the osteoclast
-
Pluripotent Hemopoietic Stem Cell
Osteoclast Precursor Cell
Preosteoclast
Osteoclast - What is the difference between the life cycles of osteoblast and osteoclast
-
Osteoblast- from PP Mesenchymal Cells
Osteoclast-from PP Hematopoietic Cells
Osteoblast
PP>>PreOB>>Osteoblast
Osteoclast
PP>>Precursor>>PreOC>>Osteoclast - What is the importance of the ruffled border being sealed
- resorptive microenvironment
-
What is destroyed first in osteoclast activity
-Minerals or Organic Matrix - Demineralization occurs first to expose organic matrix and then organic matrix is destructed
- What happens between demineralization and degradation of organic matrix
-
TRAP is syntehesized and released
(Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase) - What are Howship's Lacunae
-
Result of bone resorption
-hollowed out depression/troughs
-holes left in bone - ____ and _____ occurs at the same time during bone resorption
- Resorption and Migration
-
What do Osteoblast secrete?
(3 things) -
Alkaline Phosphatase
Structural Proteins
-Collagen// Non-collagen proteins
Growth Factors/Cytokine - Where can alkaline phosphatase be found on an osteoblast
- Outer surface of the plasma membrane
- What does alkaline phosphate do?
-
Cleaves organically bound phosphate
*Necessary for the initiation and progression of bone mineral crystal growth - What type of structural collagen proteins do osteoblast secrete
- Collagen I, III, V
-
Bone Proteoglycan/GAGS
Phosphoproteins
Glycolipids
Glycoproteins (Osteocalcin, Osteopontin, Osteonectin and Bone Sialoproteins)
Are all ___ structural proteins secreted by the osteoblast - Non-Collagen
-
BMP is apart of the ___ and ___ that Osteoblast secrete.
The following are also apart of this group
-IGF
-PDGF
-FGF
-MCSF
-IL6
-RANKL - Growth Factors// Cytokines
-
T or F:
Bone formation and Resorption are coupled - True
- What are Osteocytes and Lining cells reactive to?
- E11 and moAB
- Is there any alkaline phosphatase activity is osteoctyes or lining cells
-
NO!
There is also MINIMAL synthesis and secretion necessary to maintain bone - Osteoclast secrete ____, AKA ____.
-
Acid Phosphatase
-AKA: TRAP (Tarate-Resistant Acid phosphatase) - Where is Acid phosphatase located
- Intracellularly w/ in cytoplasmic granules/ vesicles and vacuoles