Anatomy and Physiology Ch 6
Terms
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- The outermost portion of the skin composed entirely of epithelial cells and contains no blood vessels
- epidermis
- Thin layers that divide the epidermis
- strata
- Has a framework of connective tissue and contains many bliid vessels, nerve endings, and glands; true skin
- dermis
- Two layers of the skin
-
Dermis
Epidermis - Deepest layer of epidermis where new epidermal cells are produced (2 names)
-
Stratum Basale
Stratum Germinativum - Protein that thickens and protects the skin
- Keratin
- Protective epidermal layer that is deeper in thick skin than in thin skin
- Stratum Corneum
- A dark pigment that colors the skin an dprotects it from the harmful rays of sunlight
- Melanin
- The cells that produce pigment
- Melanocytes
- Extentions of the dermis that project up into the epidermis
- Dermal papillae
- Layer that conects the skin to the surface muscles; consists of loose connective tissue and large amounts of adipose tissue
- Subcutaneous layer
- Saclike structure that secrete sebum to lubricate the skin and hair; open into the hair follicle
- Sebaceous gland
- Oily secretion produced by the sebaceous gland
- Sebum
- "Cheesy varnish"; babies are born covered in this sebaceous secretion
- Vernix caseosa
- Modified sebaceous glands that are associated with the eyelashes and produce a secretion that lubricates the eyes
- Meibomian glands
- A sac of accumulated sebum that forms whena sebaceous gland becomes blocked
- Sebaceous cyst
- Coiled, tubelike structure located in the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue; sweat glands
- Sudoriferous glands
- Sweat glands that regulate body temperature and vent directly to the surface of the skin through a pore
- Eccrine sweat gland
- Sweat glands that release some cellular material along with its secretions; located mainly in armpits and groin
- Apocrine sweat gland
- Thin band of involuntary muscle attacthed to the hair follicle
- Arrector pili
- Functions of the skin
-
Protection against infection
Protection against dehydration
Regulation of body temperature
Collection of sensory information - Paleness of the skin
- Pallor
- Redness of the skin
- Flushing
- Bluish coloration due to lack of oxygen in circulating blood
- Cyanosis
- Yellowish discoloration of the skin
- Jaundice
- Yellowish discoloration of the skin caused by excess intake of carrots and other deeply colored vegetables
- Carotenemia
- Any wound or local damage to tissue
- Lesion
- Surface lesion
- Rash
- Raised surface lesion
- Eruption
- Redness of the skin accompanied by lesions
- Erythema
- A spot that is neither raised nor depressed; freckles
- Macule
- A firm, raised area; chickenpox, pimple
- Papule
- A blister or small sac that is full of fluid; shingles
- Vesicle (bulla)
- A vesicle filled with pus
- Pustule
- A scratch into the skin
- Excoriation
- A rough, jagged wound made by tearing the skin
- Laceration
- A sore associated with disintegration and death of tissue
- Ulcer
- a crack in the skin
- Fissure
- A wound or injury
- Trama
- Type of burn that involves the epodermis and perhaps a portion of the dermis; tissue is reddened and may blister
- Superficial partial-thickness
- Type of burn that involves the epidermis and portions of the dermis; tissue is blistered and broken with a weeping surface
- Deep partial-thickness
- Type of burn that involves the full skin and sometimes subcutaneous tissue and underlying tissue; tissue is broken, dry and pale, or charred
- Full-thickness
- Determining the amount of the body surface involved in a burn by assigning percentages in multiples of nine
- Rule of nines
- More accurate determination of the amount of the body surface involved in a burn; divides the body into small areas and estimates the proportion of BSA each contributes
- Lund and Browder method
- Wound healing is affected by:
-
Nutrition
Infection
Blood supply
Age - Fibrous connective tissue that replaces normal tissue destroyed by injury or disease
- Scar (cicatrix)
- General term referring to any skin disease
- Dermatosis
- Inflammation of the skin
- Dermatitis
- Skin disease characterized by intense inthcing and skin inflammation; areas show redness, blisters, scaling
- Apoptic dermatitis
- Chronic overgrowth of the wpodermis leading to large, sharply outlined, red, flat areas covered with silvery scales
- Psoriasis
- Malignant tumor of melanocytes; originates in a nevus
- Melanoma
- Mole or birthmark
- Nevus
- Disease of the sebaceous glands connected with hair follicles
- Acne
- An acute contagious disease of staphylococcal or strepococcal origin; forms blisterlike lesions that fill with pus
- Impetigo
- Disease that causes the formulation of watery vesicles on the skin and mucous membranes
- Herpes simplex virus