Physio Psych Test 1
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- A researcher is interested in describing a behavior by studying how the brain functions. This explanation is classified as:
- Physiological
- Which type of explanation describes how a structure or behavior develops?
- Ontogenetic
- How are biological psychology and cosmology related?
- Cosmologists ask why matter exists and biological psychologists ask how it relates to behavior.
- Which of the following is true about genetic drift?
- It occurs more often in small populations.
- In certain species of song birds, development of the song requires the opportunity to hear the appropriate song during a sensitive period in life as well as genes to prepare them to hear the song. This is a/an _____ explanation of birdsong.
- Ontogenetic
- Dualism is the belief that...
- Mind and body are different in substance.
- A monist believes that mind and body are...
- The same thing.
- Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another are:
- Genes
- Chromosomes consist of large, double-stranded moelcules of:
- Deoxyribonucleic acid
- Recessive genes manifest their effects only when the individual is ____ for them.
- Homozygous
- A baby's chromosomal makeup indicates one pair is XX. What is the sex of this baby?
- Female
- A heritability of 1 indicates that differences in heredity are responsible for what ercent of the observed variations in some characteristic?
- 100
- According to one estimate, the average adult human brain contains ______ neurons.
- 100 billion.
- The nervous system cell which receives and transmits information is called a:
- neuron
- What are the two kinds of cells in the nervous system?
- neurons and glia
- Ribosomes are the part of a cell that:
- synthesizes new proteins
- What receives excitation from other neurons and conducts impulses to muscle or gland cells?
- motor neurons
- Which of the following is a characteristic of a dendrite?
- it tapers as it gets further from the body
- The part of the neuron which contains the ribosomes is the:
- soma
- Compared to dendrites, axons usually:
- are covered with myelin
- Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an axon?
- it carries information toward the cell body
- One type of glia helps synchronize the activity of neurons. They are called:
- astrocytes
- At synapse, the cell that receives the stimulation is called the presynaptic neuron.
- False.
- The chemicals used as neurotransmitters vary widely across species.
- False.
- Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete by birth.
- False.
- If you fell asleep on a sunny beach lying on your stomach, then your dorsal side would likely be sunburned.
- True.
- Although relatively small, the hypothalamus is very important for a wide range of behaviors.
- True.
- The most common cause of brain damage in children is closed head injury.
- True.
- The temporal lobe contains the primary motor cortex.
- False.
- Paralysis caused by spinal cord injury is usually only temporary in humans.
- False.
- The speed of conduction through a reflex arc is ____ the speed of conduction of an action potential.
- Slower than.
- What does the abbreviation EPSP stand for?
- excitatory postsynaptic potential.
- If you eat a food containing tryptophan, what can you consume with it to increase its entry into the brain?
- Carbohydrates.
- What does the term "limbic" mean with respect to the limbic system?
- Border.
- What is a lesion?
- An area that has been damaged.
- Which of the following would produce spatial summation?
- Present two or more weak stimuli at the same time.
- Which of the following methods is dependent on injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood?
- PET
- Central nervous system axons regenerate much better in fish than in mammals because:
- Fish do not produce as much scar tissue.
- Suppose a positive correlation is found between intelligence and the size of the frontal lobe of the brain. Which of the following statements would be the most accurate?
- As frontal lobe size increases, so does intelligence.
- Ischemia is to ______ as hemorrhage is to _______.
- Obstruction; rupture.
- Competition of neurons for postsynaptic sites results in survival of only the most successful axons. This general principle is called:
- Neural Darwinism.
- Programmed mechanism of cell death is called
- Apoptosis.
- Light from the right side of the world strikes the left side of the retina.
- True.
- There are many more rods than cones in the human retina.
- True.
- According to the trichromatic theory, we can perceive only three colors.
- False.
- Simple cells are found exclusively in the primary visual cortex.
- True.
- Magnocellular ganglion cells transmit infomration about an object's color.
- False.
- What is a receptor potential?
- A local depolarization or hyperpolarization of a receptor membrane.
- Light enters the eye through an opening in the center of the iris called the:
- Pupil.
- The central portion of the macula
- Is specialized for acute, detailed vision.
- What retinal cells contain photopigments?
- Rods and cones.
- Where does the optic nerve send most of its information?
- To the lateral geniculate nucleus.
- Once within the cerebral cortex, the parvocellular pathway continues as a pathway sensitive to:
- Details of shape.
- The primary visual cortex is also known as the
- Striate cortex.
- Damage to the dorsal stream may interfere with:
- Reaching out to grasp an object.
- Neurons responding specifically to faces have been found in the
- Inferior temporal cortex.