vet science anesthesia
Terms
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- This can be a very important part of a Vet Tech's job at many practices.
- animal's weight (be able to convert lbs into kg & kg into lbs); dosage of the drug (this may be given to you/ veterinarian/ drugs label/ pakage insert); drug concentration (mg/ml or mg/tablet- this can be obtained from the drug's container's label)
- 1.0 kg
- 2.204 lbs
- Indicates feeding kittens
- bluish, staining around the mammaries (from the saliva of the kittens)
- Reversing agent
- may be used to counter-act the effects of anesthetic agents
- 4 periods of the anesthetic procedure
- 1. Preanesthetic period; 2. Induction period ( when the animal is going under anesthesia); 3. Maintenance period; 4. Recovery period
- Prior to injecting any drugs
- physicals are required
- Class III (moderate risk)
- animals w/ moderate systemic disease or disturbances mild clinical signs. Animals w/ anemia; anorexia; moderate dehydration; low-grade kidney disease; low-grade heart murmur/ cardiac disease; moderate fever
- analgesia
- lack of pain sensation
- Obtaining a History (Hx)
- the procedure to be preformed; signalment (breed, age, sex, & weight); previous surgeries/ illnesses; sickness w/in the last 24 hours; exercise tolerance; on any medications; allergies; vaccination status; reproductive status; bleeding/ bruising tendencies
- Ataxia
- drunkenness
- BID
- twice a day
- Class V (Grave risk)
- surgery often preformed in desperation on animals w/ life-threatening systemic disease or disturbances not often correctable by an operation; includes all moribund animals not expected to survive 24 hours; patients w/ advanced cases of heart, kidney, liver, lung, or endocrine disease; profound shock; major head injury; severe trauma; pulmonary embolus
- Occlude
- to close, shut, or stop up (a passage, opening, etc.).
- surgical anesthesia
- anesthesia that is just deep enough to provide muscle relaxation so the specific surgery being preformed is painless & w/out struggle
- Preanesthetic period
- is best time to find out everything that might alter the drugs to use, complications to watch for, whether to do the procedure or cancel it. Obtain the patient history, physical exam is preformed, know the nature of the procedure to be preformed, preformed diagnostic tests (x-rays, blood work, urinalysis, EKG). After that the patient's physical status & assign an anesthetic risk w/ veterinarian.
- Class II (slight risk)
- animals with slight to mild systemic disturbances; animals able to compensate; animals with no clinical signs of disease; neonate or geriatric animals, obesity; fracture w/out shock; mild diabetes; low-grade heartworm infestation
- PLR
- Pupillary Light Reflex (constricting pupil with the pen light)
- Amnesia
- lack of memory
- Check for pulse deficits
- palpate pulse & auscult heat at the same time, see if the are in unison.
- local anesthesia
- (local analgesia) lack of pain & possibly movement (ex: epidural)
- intervals (5-10 minutes)
- While animals are under the influence of tranquilizers/ general anesthesia the animal's TPR (Temperature, Heart, Respiratory Rates will be taken at ...?... and written down on anesthesia monitoring sheet.
- TID
- three times a day
- Rompun
- little pain killing ability
- Pre-anesthetic Patient Care
- fast; IV catheter placement; correct pre-existing problems; pre-operative antibiotics for certain procedures; special procedures- ie. Enema for rectal surgery
- Azotemia
- the accumulation of abnormally large amounts of nitrogenous waste products in the blood, as in uremic poisoning.
- In 5-10 minute intervals
- while animals are under general anesthesia/ a tranquilizers, the TPR values will be taken & written down on monitoring sheets
- Pre-anesthetic Drugs
- drugs given prior to general anesthetic induction. Used to induce vomiting; prevent seizures; to decrease some of the side effects of the general anesthetic agents; decrease the amount of general anesthetic used (this increases safety & decreases the cost); decrease pain during surgery & in the post-op period.
- Class IV (high risk)
- animals w/ preexisting system or disturbances of a severe nature; severe dehydration; shock; anemia; uremia or toxemia; high fever; uncompensated heart disease
- Anesthetic Risk Categories
- Class I (minimal risk); Class II (slight risk); Class III (moderate risk); Class IV (high risk); Class V (Grave risk)
- Physical Exam
- (organ system approach; front to back approach) includes: singalment recheck; disposition (need to use gloves/ give tranquilizers); overall condition (thin, dehydrated, and pregnant); temperature; check head PLR, mm color, CRT, nose for stenotic nares, brachycephalic hard to intubate; auscult heart, check for pulse deficits, murmurs; auscult lungs; palpate abdomen (pain, feces, pregnant, enlarged organs); check skin (tumors, mange); Exam lymph nodes (cancer); check mammary glands/ vulva- in estrus (Heat), nursing, tumors.
- Ketamine
- a stimulant that keeps the heart rate up; reflexes aren't controlled unless mixed w/ something else
- embolus
- A mass, such as an air bubble, a detached blood clot, or a foreign body, that travels in the bloodstream and lodges in a blood vessel, thus serving to obstruct or occlude such a vessel.
- Tranquilizers & sedatives
- agents which act on the CNS to relax/ calm the patient. May cause ataxia & prolapse of the 3rd eye lid. Most have no analgesic effects. They may calm the animal however the animal may become aggressive when startled/ given pain. Some quiet animals become unpredictable & an aggressive.
- Calculating Drug Doses
- This can be a very important part of a Vet Tech's job at many practices.
- Class I (minimal risk)
- normal healthy animals no underlying disease going into an Ovario-hysterectomy, castration, dewclaw, hip dysplasia radiograph
- PLR
- Pupillary Light Reflex- constricting
- Uremia
- A toxic condition resulting from kidney disease in which there is retention in the bloodstream of waste products normally excreted in the urine. Also called azotemia
- QID
- four times a day
- Ratio method
- when 2 fractions are set up to equal each other (3 out of 4 known). Solve for "x".
- Moribund
- in a dying state; near death; on the verge of extinction or termination
- SID
- once a day
- Diagnostic tests
- CBC; urinalysis; blood chemistries; clotting times; EKG; radiographs; heartworm test
- Stoichiometric Method (Factor Label Method)
- start with 1 known variables & multiply it by numerator and denominator
- General anesthesia
- a state of controlled & reversible unconciousness characterized by analgesia, amnesia, and relatively depressed reflex responses. This state should be achieved w/out significant effects to the patient's vital systems (circulation & respiration). Two types: Local Anesthesia and Surgical Anesthesia. Can be given IM, IV, or as a gas agent