Science- States of Matter to Atoms
Terms
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- State of Matter
- Physical form of a substance
- Solid
- Definite Shape and Volume
- Solid
- Rigid
- Liquid
- Shape can change, Volume cannot
- Gas
- Shape and Volume can change
- Plasma
- Most Common State
- ionized
- Particles are electrically charged
- Physical Changes
- Changes of State are
- Melting (Absorb)
- Change from a solid into a liquid
- Melting Point (Absorb)
- Temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid
- Evaporation (Absorb)
- A change from a liquid to a gas
- boiling point (Absorb)
- Temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas
- Freezing (Release)
- Liquid to Sold
- Condensation (Release)
- Gas becomes a Liquid
- Deposition
- Gas becomes a Solid
- Sublimation
- Solid to Gas
- Matter
- Anything that has mass and takes up space
- Element
- A substance that can't be broken down into simpler substances
- Atom
- Smallest unit of an element
- Democritus
- Suggested that universe is made of indivisible units, he called them atoms, No scientific evidence
- John Dalton
- Same as Democritus but had evidence
- Dalton
- All atoms of an element are alike
- Dalton
- Atoms of different elements can make compounds
- Thomson
- Accidentally made Atom discovery,
- Cathode Rays
- Mysterious Rays in a vacuum tube- Dalton
- Thomson
- Plum Pudding Model
- Rutherford
- Most of the mass of an atom is at the center and electrons are located around it
- Positive
- What is the charge of the nucleus
- 1.67 x 10 to the -27
- The mass of a proton and neutron
- 9.11 x 10 to the -31
- Mass of an Electron
- Ion
- Charged Atom
- Atomic Number
- Tells how many protons are in an atom
- Z
- Atomic Number is represented by
- A
- Mass number is represented by
- Mass number
- Number of protons and neutrons
- Isotope
- Atom that has a different amount of neutrons than other atoms in the same element
- Radioisotope
- Unstable Isotope
- u
- unified atomic mass unit is represented by
- 1/12 the mass of carbone-12 atom
- unified atomic mass unit is equal to
- Mole (mol)
- Unit for counting atoms
- Avogadro's number
- 6.022 x 10 to the 23
- 6.022 x 10 to the 23
- 1 mole =
- molar mass
- The mass in grams of one mole of a substance
- molar mass
- average atomic mass=
- moles x molar mass = grams
- equation for conversion between moles and grams
- Orbitals
- Path taken by electrons
- S orbital
- Sphere Shaped orbital
- P orbital
- 3 dum bell Shaped orbital
- d orbital
- 5 orientations with 2 electrons
- f orbital
- 7 orientations 2 electrons
- valence electrons
- electrons in outer energy level of an atom are called
- Valence electrons
- What determines that chemical property of an atom
- Molecule
- two or more atoms bonded together
- Chemical Property
- Describes how a substance changes into a new substance, either by combining with other elements or by breaking apart into a new substance
- Compounds
- Molecules that contain two or more elements that are chemically combined
- Chemical Formula
- Used to represent the properties of elements in a substance
- Mixture
- A combination of substances not chemically combined
- Pure Substance
- Matter that had a fixed composition and definite properties
- Mixture
- A combination of substances that are not chemically combined
- Heterogeneous
- Substances are not evenly distributed
- Miscible
- Two substances are able to mix
- in miscible
- Two substances are not able to mix