Phil Test 2:phil 109 at UWO
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- What does Decartes discuss on the Meditations on 1st Philosophy?
- Foundationalism, true belief vs true knowledge
- What is foundationalism?
- beliefs that are either basic or non basic. can be dubitable.
- What are the 3 arguments against true knowledge?
- Sense of deception (my senses sometimes decieve me), the dream argument (dreams seem real, but arent), and Doubting matematics (if there is a god, I could be informally decieved, if no god then no ones perfect and we can all be decieved).
- What argument did Meno discuss and what does it mean?
- The Justified True Belief Analysis of Knowledge. if and only if 1)that something is true, 2)you have to believe it, 3)have to be justified in believing that something.
- Who came up with an argument against the JTB theory?
- Edmund Gettier (ex. Jones believing man with coins will get job. that could turn out to be false even though it passes the JTB theory.
- Epistemology. What is Descartes Meditation 2 about?
- "I exist". Told story about wax (taste, smell, touch, see) and how it molds to different form when heated, but it's still there)
- Rationalism vs Empiricism
- rationalism-knowledge comes from reasoning/intellect. Empiricism-knowledge comes from senses.
- Dualism
- the view that mental entities reside in something non-physical (SOUL)
- Materialism
- the view that mental entities are sophisticated states and processes of the BRAIN
- what is Intertheoretic Reduction?
- when a theory of observable entities is replaced by a theory of unobservable physical science
- what are the 2 arguments for dualism?
- Argument from introspection: we do not introspect a complex network of physical properties, but rather a flow of images, these are quite different from physical properties. Argument from Irreducibility-complex thoughts and feelings can never be reduced to the physical
- What is strong AI?
- the belief that an appropriately designed computer could be a thinking, cognizing mind
- Explain the turing test.
- there were 3 rooms, one with a computer, one with a person, and one with a person checking the output from room 1 and 2. the idea was if you can't tell the difference between the 2 rooms 50% of the time, then the computer can think.
- What did John Searle, "do computers think" believe about strong AI?
- The person in the turing test was simply sending out squoggles from the rulebook, they did not understand what they were saying, therefore they were not thinking.
- Give the argument vs moral responsibility.
- 1)Every event has a cause, 2)if one is true, then every current action is part of a causal chain stretching back into the past, 3)if two is true, then no one has control over what events take place, 4)if three is true, then people are not morally responsable for their actions, 5)hence, people are not morally responsible
- Determinism
- all events, including human actions are causally determined to occur the way they do. hence, no person has free will
- Libertarianism
- some humans actions/decisions are uncaused and involve freely choosing from options:FREE WILL
- What is the Libertarian Dilemma for Moral Responsibility?
- Are actions caused to occur? yes-then no free will... no-then they are random, chaotic, unintelligable, and so a person is not morally responsible for them
- What is Compatibilism?
- believe both that every event has a cause, and people are free
- Freedom as opposed to constraint
- person x is free from constraint in doing action A the immediate cause(s) of A is x's own choice (immediate psychological state). Compatibilism view
- what is Fatalism
- Truth about statements about the future. (ex. back in 1990, someone saying that Bush would be president during 2006.