Physchology 2
Terms
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- Theories
- Broad explanations and predictions conderning phenomena of interest
- How do Physchologists use theory and research to answer questions?
- Research in pyschology is guided by theories and hypotheses
- Operationalization
- translating a hypothesis into specific testable procedures that can be measured and observed
- Archival Research
- Research in which existing data, such as documents, records, newspapers are exmained to test hypothesis
- Naturalistic Observation
- observing some naturally occuring behavior and does not make a change in situation
- Case Study
- indepth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people.
- variable
- behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change or vary in some way
- Correlational research
- Research in which the relationship between 2 sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated or "correlated"
- Random assignment to condition
- A procedure in which participants are assigned to different experimental groups or conditions on the basis of chance and chance alone.
- significant outcome
- meaningful results that make is possible that make is possible for researchers to feel confident that they have confirmed their hypotheses
- replication
- the repetition of research sometimes using other procedures, settings and groups of partcipantsm to increase confidence in prior findings
- informed consent
- document signed by participants affirming that they have been told the basic outlines of the study and are aware of what their participation will involve
- experimental bias
- factors that distort how the independent variable affects the dependent variable in an experiment
- meta-analysis
- permits psychologists to combine the results of many seperate studies into one overall conclusion
- experimental manipulations
- change that an experimenter deliberatly produces in a situation
- subliminal perception
- The perception of messages about which we have no awareness.a stimulus like a word, or smell that activates the sensory system.
- Stage 1 sleep
- rapid, low amplitude brain waves, transition between being awake and sleep.
- Stage 2 sleep
- makes up about half of sleep, slower more regular wave pattern.
- Stage 3 Sleep
- brain waves become slower, higher peaks and lower valleys
- Stage 4 sleep
- least responsive to outside stimulus
- Rapid Eye Movement
- REM, increased heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, erection, and dreaming
- Unconscious wish fullfillment theory
- Sgmund Freud suggested that dreams represent unconscious wishes that dreamers desire.
- Dreams for survival theory
- dreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocesssed during sleep.
- activation synthesis theory
- Allan Hobson proposed the brain produces random electrical energy during REM sleep because of changes in the production of particular neurotransmitters.
- Circadin rhythms
- biological processes that occur repeatedly on approximately a 24 hour cycle.
- Insomnia
- difficulty sleeping
- Circadian rhythms
- biological processes that occur repeatedly on a 24 hr cycle.
- phsychoactive drugs
- influence a person's emotions,perceptions and behavior. (coffee,beer)
- addictive drugs
- produce a biological/physical dependence in the user.
- stimulants
- effect on central nervous system causes a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension.(cocaine, amphetamines)
- depressants
- drugs that slow down the nervous system.(alcohol, barbituates, rohyphnol
- binge drinking
- 5 or more drinks for a male, and 4 or more drinks for a female in one sitting.
- narcotics
- drugs that increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety.
- Blind spot
- Optic nerve leaves the eye towards the brain.
- split brain
- verbal on left
- Biofeedback
- control biological states by electronically monitoring biological response.
- Myelin Sheath
- a protective coating of fat that insulates the axon.